Passage 6
Women in Britain are without doubt better off today than they used to be.At the beginning of the nineteenth century women seemed to have had almost no rights at all.They could not vote, or even sign contracts.Their marriages were arranged by their parents, and once they were married they could not own property.Most of the time they were kept at home, and even when they were allowed to work, they were never given responsible jobs.It is strange to think that, as far as we know, most women were happy with this situation.
Today the position is quite different.Women can now vote and choose their own husbands.In 1970 a law was passed to give them an equal share of property in the case of divorce, and in the same year the Equal Pay Act gave them the right to equal pay with men for work of equal value.
Yet despite these changes, there is no doubt that there are still great differences between men and women.Many employers –maybe even the majority—seem to ignore the
Equal Pay Act, and the average Passage 7
working woman is likely to earn only Do you find it very difficult and about half what a man earns for the painful to get up in the morning? same job.Most women who do work still This might be called laziness, but Dr do unskilled jobs, while only a small Kleitman has a new explanation.He proportion of the country’s workers, has proved that everyone has a daily possibly one third, are in fact energy cycle. women.There is also great inequality During the hours when you labor in education.Only a quarter of all through your work you may say that university students are women, and you’re “hot”.That’s true.The at present boys’ schools are time of day when you feel most undoubtedly much better than girls’ energetic is when your cycle of body schools. temperature is at its peak.For some (B)1.In the 19th century a woman people the peak comes during the could NOT be _____ ． forenoon(午前).For others it comes A.a nurse in the afternoon or evening.No one B.a manager has discovered why this is so, but it
C.a shop-keeper
D.a land-lady
(B)2.Women have the right to equal pay because___.
A.a law was passed
B.the Equal Pay Act was issued C.they can vote
D.they do the same jobs as men (B)3.The examples in Paragraph 3 show_____.
A.the equality of women B.the inequality of women
C.the improving situation for women
D.the ideas for the future
(B)4.The last sentence of Paragraph 1 suggests that____.
A.women were happy in the 19th century
B.people thought that women were happy in the 19th century
C.women were worse off than today D.women were better off than today (A)5.The author of this article probably agrees that_____.
A.women should be treated equally as men
B.women should not do unskilled jobs
C.women should not be nurses D.women should not go to school
leads to such familiar monologues(独白) as : “ Get up, Peter ! You’ll be late for work again !” The possible explanation to the trouble is that Peter is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening.Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to mark your life fit it better.Habit can help, Dr.Kleitman believes.Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway.Counteract(抵消) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energy is low in the morning, but you have something important to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour.This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam(振作精神) and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy.Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor.Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
(D)1.If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably___. A.he is a lazy person
B.he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C.he is not sure when his energy is low
D.he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening (A)2.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A.Unawareness of energy cycles. B.Familiar monologues.
C.A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members. (C)3.If one wants to work efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should . A.change his energy cycleB.overcome his laziness C.get up earlier than usualD.go to bed earlier
(A)4.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will . A.help to keep your energy for the day’s work
B.help you to control your temper early in the day
C.enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D.keep your energy cycle under control all day
(B)5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage ?
A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.
B.Dr.Kleitman explain why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C.Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D.Children have energy cycles, too.
Passage 8
There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffiC.At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide.On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has
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