★★★★★ 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌
一对一个性化学科优化学案
鹰击长空—基础不丢
一、概述
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句) The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表语从句） They have no idea at all where he has gone.（同位语从句） Do you remember how he came?（宾语从句）
二、主语从句(subject clauses) 1、概述
在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
That you don’t like him is none of my business. What he said is true.
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
2、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。
从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。
Whether she will come or not is still a question. That they will go is certain.
Whether she's coming or not doesn't matter too much.
3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。
如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。 用作it作形式主语的结构： （1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句
It’s natural that… 很自然…… It’s obvious that … 显而易见…… （2）It is/was +名词+that 从句
It’s a pity that… 遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是……
Believe in yourself!
★★★★★ 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌
（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that… 似乎…… It turns out that…结果…… （4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句
It’s reported that… 据报道…… It’s believed that… 据认为…… It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.
4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。 Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. What you have done might do harm to other people. What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. Who made the long distance call is not important.
5、关系副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。 Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone. Where she has gone is not known yet. When they will start has not been decided yet.
三、表语从句 1、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。 The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. The question is whether we need more ice cream Believe in yourself!
★★★★★ 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌
3、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。 The question is which of us should go. The problem was who could do the work. That's what he is worrying about.
4、由关系副词引导的表语从句。 Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.
5、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。 It looked as if it was going to snow. That's because we never thought of it.
四、同位语从句 1、概述
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news， belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，instruction，reason，question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。 It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. I have no idea what you mean.
2、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
3、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。
The question who should be the first has not been settled. You can have no idea what he said.
4、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。 I have no idea when he will be back. They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.
五、宾语从句(object clauses)
Believe in yourself!
★★★★★ 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌
1、概述
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。 He said he wanted to go to town. I hope you'll be better soon. He asked me whether she was coming.
2、作动词宾语
（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。 I think (that) he'll be right in a few days. I wish （that） she would understand me. （2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do． Do you know whom they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was.
He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment. （3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。
关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。 Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. I don't know where we are going to have the meeting. Will you tell me how I can get to the station？ Do you know why he said that? （4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意帮我。 （5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。 He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal. (me不可省略) She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on. (us可省略)
3、作介词宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not. I was curious as to what we could do next.
4、作形容词宾语。
Believe in yourself!
★★★★★ 五星级名校冲刺第一品牌
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years． I am not certain whether I have met him before.
5、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。
正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况： （1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。 We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time． She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone． （2）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。 Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock. We took it for granted that he would come.
6、否定转移
如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，主语是第一人称的一般现在时态，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。 I don’t think he can do it better than me. I don’t believe he treated the child like that.
7、时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：
（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？ They have no idea at all where he has gone．
（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。 He said he would come to see us the next day. I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.
（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is． The teacher said the sun rises in the east．
六、高考考点
考点(1) 引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 常见的连接词如下：
① that。that从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that 不能省略，没有具体的汉语意思，不
Believe in yourself!
（完整word版）高中英语语法专题名词性从句讲解与练习
