2011年山东青岛大学英语综合考研真题
Part One Linguistics (50 points)
I. Define the following terms briefly. (10 points)
1. metalanguage
2. competence
3. phoneme
4. inflection
5. cohesion
6. conceptual meaning
7. linguistic sexism
8. illocutionary act
II. There are 10 statements/questions below. Indicate the right choice in each of them by writing the corresponding letter (A, B, C or D) in the given space. (10 points)
1. A story by Robert Louis Stevenson contains the sentence “As the night fell, the wind rose.” Could this be expressed as “As the wind rose, the night fell.”? If not, this may indicate a degree of ______ about word order.
A. arbitrariness B. duality C. non-arbitrariness D. recursiveness 2. Which of the following sound segments in English matches the description of voiced alveolar stop? ______
A. [ g ] B. [ d ] C. [ n ] D. [ b]
3. Which of the following words is not backformed? ______
A. medicare B. escalate C. enthuse D. resurrect
4. Decide which one of the underlined constructions or word groups is a headed structure. ______
A. The man nodded patiently. B. The ladder in the shed in long enough.
C. Mary seemed happy. D. They will be leaving tomorrow.
5. Which of the following does not belong to the category of two-place predicates? ______
A. give B. between C. like (verb) D. remember
6. The following conversational fragment is to some degree odd, and such oddness can be explained by reference to Grice’s theory in terms of the violation of Maxim of ______.
1): Would you like some coffee?
2): Mary’s a beautiful dancer.
A. Quantity B. Quality C. Manner D. Relation
7. Pairs of words like “friendly: unfriendly”, “honest: dishonest”, “normal: abnormal”, and “logical: illogical” belong to ______ antonymy.
A. gradable B. relational C. complementary D. componential 8. The hypothesis of Linguistic Determinism is associated with which of the following scholars ______.
A. F. Saussure B. M. A. K. Halliday C. E. Sapir D. N. Chomsky
9. Which of the following words should not be considered to be an instance of sexist language?
A. salesman B. humanity C. forefather D. manmade
10. Which of the following is not included in the advantages of a constituent structure tree?
A. It reveals the linear word order of a sentence.
B. It shows the hierarchical structure of a sentence.
C. It illustrates the syntactic category of each structural constituent.
D. Is emphasizes the main suprasegmental features of a sentence.
III. Answer one of the two essay questions below with at least 300 words. (30 points)
1. Why is Ferdinand de Saussure regarded as the ‘father of modern linguistics’? What significant contributions has he made to the establishment of linguistic study as a modern field of inquiry?
2. What are the stages of first language acquisition? Describe each stage with its prominent features and examples.
Part Two Translation (50 points)
I. Translate the following into Chinese. Your translation should be an intelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）
The study of ancient architecture is more than a history of old ruins. Ancient buildings are fossils that map the progress of cultures. Farming was the key factor that transformed nomadic hunter-gatherers into Neolithic（the later part of the STONE AGE）settled peoples. This revolution began in about 6000 BC in the Middle East and, by 2000 BC, had spread to Africa, Europe, and Asia. The Mesoamericans （玛雅人）began farming around 1500 BC. Permanent structures were constructed and basic building techniques developed. New specialized professions emerged, such as priests and craftsmen. Metal tools developed andbuilding materials such as timber, mud brick, and stone were soon mastered. Over centuries, new social institutions were invented and took physical form as buildings. II. Translate the following into English. Your translation should be an intelligibly fluent representation of the original text. （25 points）
学问要有根底，根底要打得平正坚实，以后永远受用。初学阶段的科目之最重要莫过于语文与数学。语文是阅读达意的工具，国文不通便很难表达自己，外国文不通便很难吸取外来的新知。数学是思想条理之最好的训练。其他科目也各有各的用处，其重要性很难强分轩轾，例如体育，从另一方面看也是重要得无以复加。总之，我们在求学的时代，应该暂且把趣味放在一边，耐着性子接受教育的纪律，把自己锻炼成为坚实的材料。学问的趣味，留在将来慢慢享受一点也不迟。
Part Three Culture (50 points)
I. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. (15 points)
1. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?
a. The Canterbury Tales
b. Beowulf
c. King Lear
d. Morte D’Arthur
2. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?
a. Harvard University
b. the State University of New York
c. Yale University
d. Princeton University
3. Which literary form flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?
a. Novel
b. Essay
c. Drama
d. Poetry
4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,
a. there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.
b. there was no Bill of Rights.
c. the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens. d. A “Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made.
5. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the late 19th and early 20thcentury with the exception of _______.
a. Emily Dickinson b. Edith Wharton c. Willia Cather d. Kate Chopin
6. In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?
a. The US and Germany
b. The US and Russia
c. Germany and Russia
d. France and Russia
7.The State of California is on_____________.
a. The Atlantic Coast
b. The Gulf of Mexico
c. The Pacific Coast
d. Carribean Sea
8. Which of the following is Not a power of the president in the US?
a. The president can vote any bill passed by Congress.
b. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.
c. The president can make laws.
d. The president has broad powers, with the executives branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.
9. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Gandhi, ______was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
a. John F. Kennedy
b. James Farmer
c. Ella Baker
d. Martin Luther King, Jr.
10. Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”?
a. newspaper b. telegraph c. laundry machine d. television
II. Explain the following terms ( 15 points)
1. The Rapid Reaction Corps
2. stock
3. Puritanism
4. Postmodernism
5. Robin Hood
III. Give brief answers to the following questions: (20 points)
1. Why is the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn praised by Ernest Hemingway as the book “all modern American literature comes from”?
2. What is the central theme of The Great Gatsby?
2011年山东青岛大学英语综合考研真题
