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1. 关于语音的几个概念
1) 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2) 音标：词的语音形式。
3) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap”ple, stu”dent, tea”cher, un”der”stand
5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 6) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7) 开音节：绝对开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e：name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi，he, go, hi
8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
国际音标 元音
1、单元音：
前元音 [i:] [i] [e] [?] 中元音 [?] [?:] [?] 后元音 [u:] [u] [?:] [?] [a:] 2、双元音：
开合双元音 [ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au] 集中双元音 [i?] [ε?] [u?]
辅音
1、爆破音：
清辅音 [p] [t] [k] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] 2、摩擦音：
清辅音 [f] [s] [?] [θ] [h] 浊辅音 [v] [z] [?] [e] 3、破擦音：
清辅音 [t?] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音 [d?] [dr] [dz] 4、鼻音浊辅音）：[m] [n] [?] 5、舌则音（浊辅音）：[l] [r] 6、半元音（浊辅音）：[w] [j]
字母音标
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A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef]
G g [d3i:] H h [eit∫] I i [ai] J j [d3ei] K k [kei] L l [el]
M m [em] N n [en] O o [?u] P p [pi:] Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:]
S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:]
W w [′d ? j
blju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:][zed]
1.元音:
1) [ i:] 字母组合: ee ea e ie ei y
举例：three tree green sheep meet beef see eat tea
meat leave lead teacher speak clean please he she me piece receive ceiling Heat the meat so we can eat.
Blue sea, blue sea, please keep this key.
A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea.
2) [ I ] 发音字母: i y e ui u a 举例：sit pig big little many
it is little six happy dictionary defect decide delicious A chicken is in the kitchen.
A big pig hit my hip and it hurt a little bit.
Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks. 3) [ ? ] 发音字母: a
举例：bag hand happy hat map mad bad black back
glad man
Happy cat has a black hat. A red red apple, I love red red apple. 4) [ e ] 字母组合: ea e a 举例：
head bread bed red elephant remember sell lesson better desk hotel yes egg My pet and pen were left on Terry’s bed.
The eggs he sells everyday are better than everybody else sells.
5) [ З:] [?: ]字母组合: ir ur ear er or 举例：
girl shirt skirt thirty third bird turn
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nurse turtle
Thursday learn earth term her work world A girl, a skirt, a girl has a skirt.
6) [ ?] 字母组合 er or ar o a 举例：
teacher remember player speaker doctor actor author familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson around account ago elephant banana
Panda in China don’t like banana.
That doctor likes to eat carrots in winter. 7) [a:] 字母组合: ar a 举例：
car farm card arm fast class glass plant
A car is in a park.
Smart Clark parked his car in a park where a lark sang in the dark.
8) [ ? ] 发音字母: u o ou oo 举例：
up lunch fun gun nut cup bus come mother dose love above trouble blood flood Money, money, give me money.
Never trouble about trouble until trouble troubles you! 9) [?: ] 字母组合: al or au our ar 举例：
small wall talk tall ball walk short more lord horse
for forty sport author autumn caught four warm
She was born four years ago.
She thought she ought to take a walk before four o’clock.
10) [ ? ] ([?]) 发音字母: o a 举例：on hot lot fox box dog rock want wash watch
What’s your name ? A dog is in a box.
Bob has a good job and a lot of hobbies.
Does a doctor doctor another doctor the way the doctor doing the doctor wants to be doctored, or does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor the other doctor in his own way？ 11) [u:] 字母组合: oo o u 举例：
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国际音标例子及句子
