《高考英语》第一部分教材梳理(必修五)unit1.doc

Unit 1 Great Scientists

语言要点

单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）

词语 辨析 1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse 1. scientific adj.科学的 2. valuable adj.有价值的 词形 变化 词汇 部分 重点 单词 science n.科学 value n. 价值 scientist n.科学家 value v. 估价, 评价 instructive adj.有益的，教育性的 enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者 3. instruct v. 教导， 命令 instruction n. 指示，用法说明 4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. enthusiasm n.狂热，热心 conclude v. 断定， 得出结论; 结束（正式）； attend v. vt. 出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理, 注意 vi.专心, 留意 expose vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露 absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)贯注;吞并 blame n过失, 责备 vt.责备, 谴责 instruct vt .教, 教导, 命令, 指示, 通知 contribute vi．& vt．捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿 重点 词组 put forward 提出：提议以供考虑 in addition/ apart from 除……之外;另外 make sense 有意义 1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it ….. 过去分词做表语和定语 (见语法专题) 重点句子 重点语法

I.词语辨析

1). character/characteristic n. 【解释】 character 性格，品质 （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字体，字符 characteristic 特点，特征（区别于其他事物） 【练习】选择character 或characteristic 并用其适当的形式填空 1） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others. 2） People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _________ . 3） What are the __________that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese? 4） Chinese __________ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world. 5） The main purpose of a play is to let the ________ speak for themselves as much as possible. Keys: 1) character 2) character 3) characteristics 4) character 5) character 2). examine/ check /test 检查 【解释】 examine仔细察看或观察（以了解情况或是否有问题或毛病） check检查 （含有“校对”或“找错”的意思） test 检查，检测（以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准） 【练习】选择 check , examine 或 test，并用其适当的形式填空 1）I was being _______ for a driving license for the third time. 2）The doctor _________ him carefully. 3）The interviewer always _______ her facts before sending them to the editor. Keys: 1) tested 2) examined 3) checks 3) cure/ treat 治疗， 【解释】 cure 表示治愈的结果 treat 表示治疗的过程 【练习】选择cure 或treat 并用其适当的形式填空 1) After being ________ for such a long time, the wound ___________ at last. Keys: 1) treated; cured 4) blame/scold 责备 【解释】 blame 责备；谴责； 归咎于强调对某种可以解释的失误或不良行为的谴责或惩罚： scold 斥责”、“责骂”指大声呵斥，责备，唠唠叨叨地说，常用于长辈对晚辈 【练习】 1）Don't _______ it on him, but on me. 2）The parents ______ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once. Keys: 1) blame 2) scolded 5) reject /refuse 拒绝 【解释】 reject 后接名词，（含对被抛弃的东西不屑一顾） refuse 后接名词，动名词 ，可表“谢绝” 【练习】选择refuse 或reject 并用其适当的形式填空 1）The Christian Church ________ his theory, saying it was against God’s idea. 2）I can’t stand working with Jane in the same office. She just ________to stop talking while she works. Keys: 1) rejected 2) refuses II. 词形变化

science n，科学 announce v．宣布 instruct v.．指导，命令 enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的 valuable adj.有价值的 scientific adj.科学的 announcement n.宣布 instruction n.指导，指示 enthusiasm n.狂热，热心 value n. 价值 scientist n.科学家 announcer n，广播员，告知者 instructive adj.有益的，教育性的 enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者 value v. 估价, 评价 【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) The _________ took a very ________ approach to _________.(science) 2) The ______ make a(n) ________ that all the details should _______ through the broadcast.(announce) 3) It is ______ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _______ at the bottom of each page.(instruct) 4) “You don’t seem very ______ about the idea.” “I don’t mind,” she said, without much ______.(enthusiasm) 5) There is no any criterion to ______ whether it is _______ information. (value) keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) announcer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions 4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable Ⅲ．重点词汇

1. conclude vi.终结； 结束; 推断； 决定 [典例]

1）The meeting concluded at ten o'clock. 会议于十点钟结束。 2）It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。 [重点用法]

conclusion n. 结束,结论

make／draw／reach／come to／arrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论； bring sth. to a conclusion使…结束； in conclusion作为结论，最后； [练习] 汉译英

1） 我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地。

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2） 我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。

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Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.

2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with

2) 出席；到场： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after [典例]

1）We'll attend to the problem later． 稍后我们将关注那个问题。 2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病? [重点用法]

attendance n． 出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料 attend school上学

attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议

attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼‘/参加典礼 [练习] 汉译英

1） 他们在我们不在时管理事务。

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2) 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。

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Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening. 3. expose vt.

1)使暴露, 显露 2)曝光 3)揭露 [重点用法]

exposure n．(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒(后接to + n．)；(摄影的)曝光 be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于… [典例]

1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music 称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐 2）This film has been exposed. 这片子已经感光。

3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。

4）Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry．我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。 5）As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.

[练习]用expose的恰当形式填空。

1）The soil was washed away by the flood，_____________bare rock． 2）The baby was left ____________the wind and rain．

3）The _____________of the plot against the President probably saved his life． Keys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to 3) exposure

4. absorb

1) 吸收 2)使(精神)贯注 3)占用(时间) [重点用法]

be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于; absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意力 [典例]

1）The equipment can absorb moisture from the air这一设备能从空中吸收水分

2）He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。

3）This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。 [练习] 汉译英

1） 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。

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2） 这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。

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Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.

5. blame vt．责备；谴责；归咎于； n．责怪；(过失、过错等)责任 [典例]

1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday． 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?

3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure．学生因失败而怪老师。 [重点用法]

blame sb．for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事而指责某人 blame sth．on sb． 因某事而指责某人

sb．be to blame for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责； 注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式)。 [练习] 汉译英

1）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.

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2）这件事谁也不能怨.

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3）他指责你玩忽职守.

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Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.

6. instruct vt教导; 指示 [典例]

1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课. 2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English 这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.

3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知 4）He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。