学校上学。而教室、图书馆和操场只是学校的一些具体设施,在上下文也并未提及。此类题目完全要从一定的逻辑关系和语境中寻找答案。
8.A 解析:本题考查的是固定结构。“too + 形容词 + to (不定式)”是一个固定结构,其含义是否定的,相当汉语的“太???????一直不能??????”,用在这里正好符合句意:孩子们太小不能走那么远时,母亲开车送他们去学校。
9.C 解析:本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。主句需要的是伴随状语,和语句之间是主动关系,所以应该用现在分词。
10.D 解析:本题考查的是名词的近义辨析。space可指“场地、空地”,site可指“(建造??????的)地点”,location可谓“位置”。这几个词用在句中均不合逻辑,句中需填入的词实际上是指工作的地方,即place。
第五部分 翻译 (英译汉)
翻译是对英语综合能力的考查,涉及语言及文化的各种现象,要从平时练起。总体而言,英译汉时应该注意以下几个方面:
1. 首先要理解原句;其次是确定主要翻译句式是什么,即时态、语态和大的语义块:主语及其修饰补充成分;谓语及其修饰补充成分;宾语及其补充说明成份;如果是复合句,首先弄清主从句之间的关系,比如是因果关系呢还是条件或原因等。对句子的理解可以从句子的内在逻辑、成分之间的从属关系和句子的语法组成等方面来实现。
2. 选词。这要靠平时的记忆和训练,常用词是必须要在平时记忆、背诵和使用;同时还要记住他们所有的语法功能,比如说固定搭配、单复数、非谓语动词等。
3. 在翻译中尽量使用简单句。首先确定主语和谓语动词,然后找出它们的补充、修饰成分。我们举例说明:
1. After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.
解析:这个句子一看就是个时间状语,表示前后顺序。主句是 “he’s got an important meeting” (“他有一个重要的会议”);→ 在什么时间呢?→ “After the football match” 在球赛以后。
2. I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task.
解析:这个句子的主要成份是 “I think …” (“我认为”); “认为” 带起的宾语是一个从句,说的是一件事情: “它超出了他的能力” ;那么,这个 “它” 又指的是什么呢? 我们在语法中学过, “it” 可以作形式主语或宾语,真正的主语或宾语是后面的动词不定式或动名词。所以,这个 “it” 指的是 “to fulfill the task” (“完成任务”)。因此,整个句子最后的翻译是:我认为要完成这个任务是他力所不能及的。
3. The foreign visitors watched in great interest the fashion show held in Beijing Stadium, which had exhibited a superb professional level.
解析:在这个句子里,主要成份是 “the foreign visitors watched … the fashion show” (外国友人观看了时装表演);什么样的 “fashion show” 呢?这里有两个定语,一个是过去分词短语,指先行词有被动的意思;另一个是主动语态的定语从句,表示动作是先行词发出的,即: “在北京体育馆被举行的时装表演” 和 “展示了超级专业水平的时装表演”。我们再看另一个剩下的成份,在 “watch”之后的 “in great interest” 。我们学过,介词加名词其作用相当于副词或形容词,做修饰动词的状语或修饰名次的定语。因此,“watch” + “in great interest” 就可以翻译成 “带着极大的兴趣观看” 。所以,整个句子就可以翻译成:外国友人带着极大的兴趣观看了在北京体育馆举行的时装表演,这个表演展示了超级专业水平。 第六部分 写作
该部分的命题形式多为中文提纲式或英文段首式。文体多为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文,应用文则以书信为主。常用的写作方法有叙述、描写、介绍、说明、评论、分析、
比较、举例等。写作时要主要注意以下几点:
1. 明确字数要求:80-100个单词,大约7-10个句子。
2. 明晰结构要求:一定要分段,一般分三段,按 “概括—具体例子或论述—总结” 的结构写。
3. 仔细阅读作文题目及所给信息 (包括中文提纲或段首句), 先有个提纲再下笔。 4. 写作内容必须要切题,表达尽量要清楚。注意句式多样性的变化和关联词的使用,但主要使用简单句。
5. 在写作过程中尽量使用简单的、容易想起来的词汇,避免生僻词和拼写错误。 6. 语法上要尽量避免出错。
7. 注意根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作。书信体要注意格式,如信头、地址、称呼、正文、结尾、签名等,正文可以采用缩写进式或左对齐式,日期比较重要,必须写出来。
另外,在平时要多背诵真题范文,注意积累好词好句,并要掌握不同问题和不同书信的常用模板。
下面是一些常用的关联词,学会使用它们有助于你写出思路清晰、条理性强的作文: 1. 表示并列、补充关系 what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition.
2. 表示因果关系 since, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that. 3. 表示条件关系 if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else. 4. 表示时间关系
when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this
morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden.
5. 表示特定的顺序关系 above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the, next, finally, in the end, at last.
6. 转折、对比关系:
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only … but also, here … there, years ago … today, this … that, the former … the latter, then … now, the first … whereas the second, once … now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some … others. 7. 表示换一种方式表达 in other words, that is to say, to put it another way. 8. 举例说明for instance, for example, like, such as.
9. 陈述事实in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth.
10. 总结on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary.
11. 转折、对比关系
but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only … but also, here … there, years ago … today, this … that, the former … the latter, then … now, the first … whereas the second, once … now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some … others. 下面针对不同的作文题目和文体,介绍一些可以借鉴的写作手法和模式。 一、写人
常见的题目多为描写自己的家人、朋友、老师、难忘的人、最爱的人等。这类作文一般
要分三部分写:第一部分先简单笼统地介绍一下人物 (包括外貌、性格等),突出人物的主要特点;第二部分要对该人在生活中给你印象最深的一件事进行描述,做到你的观点有证据和说服力;第三部分要抒发一下你对该人物的感情。练习这类作文时要注意总结写人物时常用的词、短语和句子。 范文
The Person I Admire
The person I admire is my mum. She is an English teacher. She is very popular among students because she teaches well and has a good sense of humor. Students all enjoy her class.
My mum is not only a good teacher, but also a great mother. She is patient with me and always smiles while talking with people. My mum teaches me how to think independently and helps me to build up my confidence. When I have difficulties in my studies, it is always my mum who encourages me until I solve the problem. When feel sad or bad, it is also my mum who looks after me with great care and patience. I
remembered once I caught a fever at midnight, it was my mum who took me as quickly as she could to the hospital. After we came back from the hospital it was already 5 o’clock in the morning. My mum only slept for 2 hours before she got up to prepare breakfast for me, and then she went to work. She must be very tired on that day.
My mum is not very beautiful in appearance but she has a beautiful heart. I admire and love her. 二、叙事
常见的题目多为一次难忘的经历、难忘的假期生活、难忘的童年等。对这类题型,通常