Immunomodulatory approaches to CNS injury：extracellular matrix and exosomes from extrace

Immunomodulatory approaches to CNS injury:

extracellular matrix and exosomes from extracellular matrix conditioned macrophages

Yolandi van der Merwe;Michael B. Steketee 【期刊名称】中国神经再生研究（英文版） 【年(卷),期】2016(011)004 【总页数】3 【文献来源】

https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_neural-regeneration-

research_thesis/0201237628371.html

PERSPECTIVE

After central nervous system (CNS) injury, a pro-inflammatory, innate immune response contributes to permanently lost neuronal function by promoting changes in the micro-environment and extracellular matrix (ECM) that lead to CNS neuronal degeneration and death and permanent scarring. This pro-inflammatory immune response is largely due to activated resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages adopting a predominantly pro-inflammatory, M1-like, phenotype. Activated, M1-like, microglia and macrophages release additional pro-inflammatory factors, including cytokines and microvesicles like exosomes, that recruit additional cell types, including activated microglia and astrocytes and na?ve blood macrophages, M0, that enter the injured tissue and polarize toward M1-like phenotypes that can lead