被动语态
一、语态概述
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ He opened the door.他开了门。 （____________） The door was opened.门被开了。 （____________）
二、被动语态的构成: be动词+Vp.p
被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。 1. English is ___________（speak）in Canada. 2. The blouse is ___________（make）of silk.
3. English is ___________（speak）by many people.
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 1. Some stamps were ___________（steal）last week.
2. The PRC was ___________（found）on October 1, 1949. 3. Football is ___________（play）in most middle schools.
被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be. be + P.P
am（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.P was和were表过去。was（were）+P.P
完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P
将来，情态，be原形。will（can,may,must）be+P.P
进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。
三．几种常用时态的被动语态——
1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句：Bikes are ___________（sell）in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.
疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
2.一般过去时： was/were+过去分词
肯定句：He was ___________（save）in 1999. 否定句：He was not saved in 1999.
疑问句：Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he was. / No,he wasn't.
3.一般将来时： shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词
肯定句：An English class will be ___________（give）by Jack tomorrow. 否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow?
4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词
肯定句：A car is being ___________（drive）now. 否定句：A car is not being driven now.
疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词
肯定句：A road has been ___________（build）by the government. 否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.
疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P
1）This clock can be ___________（repair）here.
2）The trees may be ___________（plant）at other times of the year. 3）The composition must be ___________（hand）in after class. 4）The young trees should be ___________（plant）in spring.
四、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were ___________（steal）last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）
This book was ___________（publish）in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：
The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was ___________（write）by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
五、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 （2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： 1.All the people ___________（laugh）at him.
→ He was ___________（laugh）at by all people. 2.They ___________（make）the bikes in the factory.
→ The bikes are ___________（make）by them in the factory.
六、补充
一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如：
He made me stand outside. → I was made to stand outside（by him）. I saw him play football. → He was seen to play football（by him）.
专项练习
一、选择题
( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
( )4.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )5.How many trees ____ this year?
A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )7.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
( )8. The children ____ by the nurse.
A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked ( )9. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen
( ) 10. The question ____ by us soon.
A. is going to discuss B. will discuss
C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed ( )11. The lab ____ about five years ago.
A. was built B. was built C. builds D. has been built ( )12. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up
( )13. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.
A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished ( )14. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.
A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown ( )15. He ____ by the teachers.
A. is always praised B. praises
C. have been praised D. always is praised
( )16. The picture______ in October, 1996.
A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken
( )17. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .
A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired ( )18. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.
A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing ( )19. The war______ in 1941.
A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out
( )20. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour.
A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats ( )21. We can't enter the room because its door______ .
A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking ( )22. They ______day and night.
A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work
( )23. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries.
A. was sent up B. is sent up
C. have been sent up D. has been sent up ( )24. This English song _____ often _____ by the children.
A.is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung ( )25.The windows of our house _____once a week.
A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned ( )26. When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ?
A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found ( )27. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.
A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended ( )28. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year.
A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted ( )29. A new English play _____ there next week.
A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on ( )30. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.
A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen ( )31. The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning. A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was broken C. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢) 1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．
3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．
5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down． 6. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 7 What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?
8. They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 9. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library? 10. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 11. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime. 12. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 13. The food _____________ (smell) delicious. 14. Look! Someone __________(dance).
(完整word版)初中英语主动语态变被动语态的句子练习题及答案
