chapter 1ABC
Why Study Public Speaking
Increase personal and social abilities Enhance your academic and career skills Refine your general communication abilities Increase your public speaking abilities ….
Increase Personal and Social Abilities
self-awareness self-confidence
dealing with the fear of communicating Public Speaking VS Conversation
Purpose: both communicate with a certain purpose
Audience: a public speech is usually directed at more listeners. Feedback: public speaking is relatively uninterrupted discourse. Delivery: public speaking requires intensified volume of voice and bodily action.
Materials and organization: public speeches are mostly prepared ones. Impromptu speeches are rare.
The essentials of a speech
Objective: why am I making this speech Audience:whom am I making this speech to Place:where Time and length
Method of delivery:how Content:what Notes
Rehearsal: identify weakness, practice difficult pronunciations
Dealing with nervousness
Acquire speaking experience Prepare, prepare, prepare Think positively
Use the power of visualization
Know that most nervousness is Not visible Don’t expect perfection
Acquire Speaking Experience
Enrolled in a public speaking course Stage fright: fear of the unknown
Learning to give a speech is not much different from learning any other skill---it proceeds by trial and error. The purpose of your speech class is to shorten the process, to minimize the errors, to give you a nonthreatening arena---a sort of laboratory--- in which to undertake the “trial”
Think positively
Confidence is mostly the well-known power of positive thinking. Negative Thought & Positive Thought
I wish I didn’t have to give this speech.
This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker.
I am not a great public speaker.
No one is perfect, but I am getting better with each speech I give.
Terms
Positive nervousness---controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.
Visualization---mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures herself or himself giving a successful presentation.
Creat a vivid mental blurprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech
Other tips for dealing with nervousness
Be at your best physically and mentally. A good night’s sleep will serve you better.
As you are waiting to speak, quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them. Such actions help reduce tension by providing an outlet for your extra adrenaline.
Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak. Most people take short and shallow breaths, which only reinforces their anxiety. Deep breathing breaks this cycle of tension and help calm your nerves. Work especially hard on your introduction. Research has shown that a speaker’s anxiety level begins to drop significantly after the first 30 seconds of a presentation
Make eye contact with members of your audience. Remember that they are individual people, not a blur of faces. And they are your friends. Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than on worrying about your stage fright. If you get caught up in your speech, your audience will too.
Use visual aids. They create interest, draw attention away from you, and make you feel less self-conscious.
chapter 2 topic
Selecting a topic
Speeches outside the classroom
the occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualifications
Speeches in the public speaking class no designated topic
What is a suitable speech topic
Worthwhile Appropriate Limited in scope
Suitable topic
Worthwhile
significant implications for the audience
Appropriate
know a lot, like to learn more
Limited in scope
dividing the topic into several significant parts.
General purpose: the broad goal 总体目标
To inform: convey information
enhance the knowledge and understanding
To persuade: advocate or partisan
Change or structure the attitudes or actions Difference: explain or exhort
Specific purpose 具体目标 to inform my audience about… to persuade my audience to … Explain ←→ exhort
Specific Purpose
Specific purpose: ( single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.). 简单的肯定句
Topic: Emergencies General purpose: To inform
Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergency
Tips for formulating the specific purpose statement
Tip 1: Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase(完整的短语）, not as a fragment（片段） Tip 2
Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question 陈述句 Tip 3 Avoid figurative language比喻语言
英语演讲选修课期末复习最后大总结
