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across America’s farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects. The country’s farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their place. National agricultural census(普查) figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.
Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of America’s farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking about the posting, and it has the attention of agirucltural organizations across the country.
“There couldn’t be anyting that’s more incorrect,” Merrigan said. “We know that there aren’t enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.”
In addition, a growing world population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said.
“I truly believe we’re at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an all-time record high, and global supplies are at all-time record lows,” said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Production costs are going to be valuable enough that younger perople are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.”
The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers’ Coalition has also been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.
Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the ocuntry and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21-year-old Best hopes his message—that this is a new time in agriculture---will motivate the enxt generation to turn around the statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations(创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the msot efficient it has ever been,” he said. “There’s really a place for everybody to fit in.”
59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture? A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices.
C. More natural disasters D. Lower agricultural output. 60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country? A. To draw federal agriculture officials’ attention. B. To select qualified agriculture graduates. C. To clarify a recent blog posting.
D. To talk more students into farming careers.
61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because ______.
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A. the government will cover production costs B. global food supplies will be even lower C. investment in agriculture will be profitable D. America will increase its food export
62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean?
A. To re-analyze the result of the national census. B. To increase agricultural production.
C. To bring down the average age of farmers. D. To invest more in agriculture.
C.
Meddical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is toput the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks--- burns, for example. Now, researchers in Califonia have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR，近红外钱) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of suing light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet(UV，紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readilyabsorb UV and visible light, which emans the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) absorb NIR well and go thourh chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the Unviersity of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitroberizyl(ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that;s even better. This one consists of a long chain fo compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
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63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger? A. Temperature change B. NIR light. C. Acidity change. D. UV light. 64. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release. C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
65. Which word can be used to compete the following process of changes? Part of the cresol is Polymer breaks Drug is Bhcs absorb NIR. ______ down. released. A. protected B. formed C. exposed D. combined D.
Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax(斧子) for the frozen sea inside us.” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.
We’d just jinished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.”
But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运).
For the last seven yers, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of lieterature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school --- one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhatten’s upper classes---into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned PH. D.’s.
Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the sxpected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies(独白) read as raps(说唱), but
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both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbech’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.
Year aftr years, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch(碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising text scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be tranformative and that it belongs to them.
66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to ______. A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions
67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men? A. Because they spent much time reading it. B. Because they had read the novel before. C. Because they came from a public school. D. Because they had similar life experiences.
68. The girl left the selective high school possibly because ____.
A. she was a literary-minded girl B. her parents were immigrants C. she couldn’t fit in with her class D. her father was then in prison 69. To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels ______. A. creatively B passively C. repeatedly D. carelessly 70. The author writes the passage mainly to ________. A. introduce classic works of literature
B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart C. argue for equality among high school students D. defend the current testing system
第四部分: 任务型阅读(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
“Happiness Advantage” Effect
In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flod their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.
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Burt’s Bees’s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he’d send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He’d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company’s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with exmployees on happiness in the course of the expansion feffort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully tranformed the company into a global one.
That outcome shouldn’t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思维模式), performance on nearly every level--- productivity, creativity, involvement---improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, I’ll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit sales targe, I’ll feel great.” But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again ----- the happiness that results from success does not last long.
In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the “happiness advantage” –every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I’ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I’m not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.
Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one’s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress---all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.
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2012年江苏高考英语试题及答案 - 图文
