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R-K方程;(3)普遍化关系式。
解:甲烷的摩尔体积V= m3/1kmol= cm3/mol
查附录二得甲烷的临界参数:Tc= Pc= Vc=99 cm3/mol ω= (1) 理想气体方程
P=RT/V=××10-6=
(2) R-K方程
第二章
2-1.使用下述方法计算1kmol甲烷贮存在体积为、温度为50℃的容器中产生的压力:(1)理想气体方程;(2)
R2Tc2.58.3142?190.62.560.5?2 a?0.42748?0.42748?3.222Pa?m?K?mol6Pc4.6?10b?0.08664RTc8.314?190.6?53?1?0.08664?2.985?10m?mol 6Pc4.6?10∴P?RTa?0.5
V?bTV?V?b?8.314?323.153.222??12.46?2.985??10?5323.150.5?12.46?10?5?12.46?2.985??10?5
? =
(3) 普遍化关系式
Tr?TTc?323.15190.6?1.695 Vr?VVc?124.699?1.259<2
∴利用普压法计算,Z∵ ∴
?Z0??Z1
ZRT?PcPr VPVZ?cPr
RTP?PV4.6?106?12.46?10?5cZ?Pr?Pr?0.2133Pr
RT8.314?323.15
迭代:令Z0=1→Pr0= 又Tr=,查附录三得:Z0= Z1=
Z?Z0??Z1=+×=
此时,P=PcPr=×=
同理,取Z1= 依上述过程计算,直至计算出的相邻的两个Z值相差很小,迭代结束,得Z和P的值。 ∴ P=
2-2.分别使用理想气体方程和Pitzer普遍化关系式计算510K、正丁烷的摩尔体积。已知实验值为mol。 解:查附录二得正丁烷的临界参数:Tc= Pc= Vc=99 cm3/mol ω= (1)理想气体方程
V=RT/P=×510/×106=×10-3m3/mol
1
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误差:
1.696?1.4807?100%?14.54%
1.4807?TTc?510425.2?1.199 Pr?PPc?2.53.8?0.6579—普维法
(2)Pitzer普遍化关系式 对比参数:Tr∴
B0?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.2326 1.61.6Tr1.1990.1720.172?0.139???0.05874 Tr4.21.1994.2B1?0.139?BPc?B0??B1=+×= RTcZ?1?BPBPP?1?crRTRTcTr=×=
∴ PV=ZRT→V= ZRT/P=××510/×106=×10-3 m3/mol 误差:
1.49?1.4807?100%?0.63%
1.48072-3.生产半水煤气时,煤气发生炉在吹风阶段的某种情况下,76%(摩尔分数)的碳生成二氧化碳,其余的生成一氧化碳。试计算:(1)含碳量为%的100kg的焦炭能生成、303K的吹风气若干立方米?(2)所得吹风气的组成和各气体分压。
解:查附录二得混合气中各组分的临界参数: 一氧化碳(1):Tc= Pc= Vc= cm3/mol ω= Zc= 二氧化碳(2):Tc= Pc= Vc= cm3/mol ω= Zc= 又y1=,y2=
∴(1)由Kay规则计算得:
Tcm??yiTci?0.24?132.9?0.76?304.2?263.1K
iPcm??yiPci?0.24?3.496?0.76?7.376?6.445MPa
iTrm?TTcm?303263.1?1.15 Prm?PPcm?0.1011.445?0.0157—普维法
利用真实气体混合物的第二维里系数法进行计算
B10?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.02989 1.61.6Tr1?303132.9?0.1720.172?0.139??0.1336 4.24.2Tr1?303132.9?1B1?0.139?B11?RTc108.314?132.91B1??1B1??0.02989?0.049?0.1336???7.378?10?6 ??6?Pc13.496?102
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0B2?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.3417 1.6Tr1.6?303304.2?20.1720.172?0.139???0.03588 4.24.2Tr2?303304.2?1B2?0.139?B22?又TcijRTc208.314?304.21?6B??B??0.3417?0.225?0.03588??119.93?10 ???222?6Pc27.376?10??TciTcj?0.5??132.9?304.2?30.5?201.068K3
?Vc113?Vc123??93.113?94.013?Vcij?????93.55cm3/mol ??22????Zc1?Zc20.295?0.274??0.2845
22???20.295?0.225?cij?1??0.137
22Zcij?Pcij?ZcijRTcij/Vcij?0.2845?8.314?201.068/?93.55?10?6??5.0838MPa
∴
Trij?TTcij?303201.068?1.507 Prij?PPcij?0.10135.0838?0.0199
0B12?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.136 1.6Tr1.61.507120.1720.172?0.139??0.1083 4.24.2Tr121.5071B12?0.139?∴B12?RTc1208.314?201.0681B12??12B12???0.136?0.137?0.1083???39.84?10?6 ??6Pc125.0838?10
2Bm?y12B11?2y1y2B12?y2B22?0.242???7.378?10?6??2?0.24?0.76???39.84?10?6??0.762???119.93?10?6???84.27?10?6cm3/mol∴Zm?1?BmPPV?RTRT→V=mol
∴V总=n V=100×103×%/12×= (2)
P1?y1PZc10.295?0.24?0.1013?0.025MPa Zm0.2845Zc20.274?0.76?0.1013?0.074MPa Zm0.2845P2?y2P3
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2-4.将压力为、温度为477K条件下的压缩到 m3,若压缩后温度,则其压力为若干?分别用下述方法计算:(1)Vander Waals方程;(2)Redlich-Kwang方程;(3)Peng-Robinson方程;(4)普遍化关系式。 解:查附录二得NH3的临界参数:Tc= Pc= Vc= cm3/mol ω= (1) 求取气体的摩尔体积
对于状态Ⅰ:P= MPa、T=447K、V= m3
Tr?TTc?477405.6?1.176 Pr?PPc?2.0311.28?0.18—普维法
∴B0?0.083?0.4220.422?0.083???0.2426 Tr1.61.1761.60.1720.172?0.139??0.05194 Tr4.21.1764.2B1?0.139?BPc?B0??B1??0.2426?0.25?0.05194??0.2296 RTcZ?1?BPPVBPP??1?crRTRTRTcTr→V=×10-3m3/mol
∴n=×10-3m3/mol=1501mol
对于状态Ⅱ:摩尔体积V= m3/1501mol=×10-5m3/mol T= (2) Vander Waals方程
27R2Tc227?8.3142?405.626?2 a???0.4253Pa?m?mol664Pc64?11.28?10b?RTc8.314?405.6?53?1??3.737?10m?mol 68Pc8?11.28?10P?RTa8.314?448.60.4253?2???17.65MPa 2?5?5V?bV9.458?3.737?10???3.737?10?(3) Redlich-Kwang方程
R2Tc2.58.3142?405.62.5a?0.42748?0.42748?8.679Pa?m6?K0.5?mol?2 6Pc11.28?10b?0.08664P?RTc8.314?405.6?0.08664?2.59?10?5m3?mol?1 6Pc11.28?10RTa8.314?448.68.679?0.5???18.34MPa ?50.5?5?5V?bTV?V?b??9.458?2.59??10448.6?9.458?10?9.458?2.59??10(4) Peng-Robinson方程 ∵Tr∴k?TTc?448.6405.6?1.106
?0.3746?1.54226??0.26992?2?0.3746?1.54226?0.25?0.26992?0.252?0.7433
4
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0.5???1?0.7433??1?1.1060.5???0.9247 ??T???1?k1?T??r????22R2Tc28.3142?405.62a?T??ac??T??0.45724??T??0.45724??0.9247?0.4262Pa?m6?mol?2 6Pc11.28?10b?0.07780RTc8.314?405.6?53?1?0.07780??2.326?10m?mol 6Pc11.28?10∴P?a?T?RT ?V?bV?V?b??b?V?b?8.314?448.60.4262??9.458?2.326??10?59.458??9.458?2.326??10?10?2.326??9.458?2.326??10?10?
?19.00MPa
Vr?VVc?9.458?10?57.25?10?5?1.305<2 适用普压法,迭代进行计算,方法同1-1(3)
(5) 普遍化关系式 ∵
2-6.试计算含有30%(摩尔分数)氮气(1)和70%(摩尔分数)正丁烷(2)气体混合物7g,在188℃、条件下的体积。已知B11=14cm3/mol,B22=-265cm3/mol,B12=mol。 解:Bm2?y12B11?2y1y2B12?y2B22
?0.32?14?2?0.3?0.7???9.5??0.72???265???132.58cm3/mol
Zm?1?BmPPV?RTRT→V(摩尔体积)=×10-4m3/mol
假设气体混合物总的摩尔数为n,则
×28+×58=7→n=
∴V= n×V(摩尔体积)=××10-4= cm3
2-8.试用R-K方程和SRK方程计算273K、下氮的压缩因子。已知实验值为 解:适用EOS的普遍化形式
查附录二得NH3的临界参数:Tc= Pc= ω= (1)R-K方程的普遍化
R2Tc2.58.3142?126.22.5a?0.42748?0.42748?1.5577Pa?m6?K0.5?mol?2 6Pc3.394?10b?0.08664RTc8.314?126.2?0.08664?2.678?10?5m3?mol?1 6Pc3.394?10A?aPR2T2.5
B?bPRT
Aa1.5577???1.551 BbRT1.52.678?10?5?8.314?2731.5BbbP2.678?10?5?101.3?1061.1952????∴h? ① ZVZRTZ?8.314?273Z5