Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去分词(短语)作状语
[思维导图]
[语法精讲]
一、过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。过去分词(短语)作状语往往可以转化为相应的状语从句或并列句。
(1)表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 (2)表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Encouraged by the progress he has made (＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made), he works harder.
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 (3)表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Given another chance (＝If he is given another chance), he will do it better.
再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
(4)表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running (＝Although he was exhausted by the running), he went on running after the robber.
尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
(5)表方式或伴随情况，通常不能转换为方式状语从句，但可转换为一个并列分句。
Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.
(＝Aunt Wu came in, and she was followed by her daughter)． 吴阿姨走了进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。 二、表示状态的过去分词(短语)作状语
有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示状态。这样的过去分词或短语常见的有：
lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；born(出生于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't notice us entering the room.
因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没有注意到我们进入房间。 三、过去分词的独立结构
过去分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。否则，过去分词必须有自己的主语。这种带逻辑主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构或独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。
The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假了。
All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. 从各方面考虑起来，她的论文比你的论文更有价值一些。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend)
with his students.
2．Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive anytime.
3．Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
4．Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
5．Clearly and thoughtfully written (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
6．If asked (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
7．Faced (face) with the difficult situation, he took courage and overcame it at last.
8．Inspired (inspire) by the spirit of the spider, the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully.
9．Though surprised (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
10．Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He did quite well in the exam considered how little he studied.considered→considering 2．Comparing with letters and public phones, mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.Comparing→Compared 3．Absolutely absorbing in deep thought, he didn't hear the bell.absorbing→absorbed 4．When seeing from the top of the tower, the park looks more beautiful.seeing→seen 5．The party will be held in the garden, weather permitted.permitted→permitting
2024-2024学年英语人教版选修8学案：Unit4SectionⅢGrammar——过去分词(短
