第八讲:真题分块练习——并列复合句与主从复合句
一、并列复合句 一、记牢并列词
1.表示并列、顺承或递进关系:and, not only ...but (also) ..., both ...and ...等。 There the air is clean and the mountains are green. 那里空气清新,千山一碧。
2.表示转折关系:but, yet, however等。
The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击,但他并没有沮丧,很快便像以前一样充满热情。 3.表示选择关系:or, either ...or ..., not ...but ...等。
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改进工作,要么我就辞退你。
4.表示因果关系:for, so, as, because, since等。
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn.树叶在坠落,因为秋天已经到了。 5.表示条件或结果关系:and, or等。
You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you. 你得让出路来,否则卡车无法从你身旁通过。 6.表示对比关系:while等。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk. 我爱喝黑咖啡,而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
二、辨清易混点 1.并列句与定语从句
并列句由and, but等并列连词连接,句中已有连接词,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree. ②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
分析:两句的区别是连词and,句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句,空格处为引导词,表示物,故填which;句②and连接两个并列分句,空格处指代前面分句中的a small house,故填it。
③The old man has three sons, none of ________ is a doctor. ④The old man has three sons, but none of ________ is a doctor.
分析:两句的区别是连词but,句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句,空格处为引导词,表示人,故填whom;句④but连接两个并列分句,空格处指代前面分句的three sons,故填them。
2.并列句与状语从句
辨清并列句与状语从句:并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”,两者之间是并列关系;而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句,一个是从句,从句是用来修饰主句的。
①______ you take the medicine, you will be all right. ②Take this medicine, ________ you will be all right.
分析:句①空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”,故填If;句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系,故填and。
③________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness. ④Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can’t buy happiness.
分析:句③空格所在句子是让步状语从句,故填Although/Though;句④空格前后是转折关系,故填but。
三、练通常考点
1.(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)They kept their collection at home until it got too big __37__ until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
解析:or 句意:他们把自己的收藏品保持在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些收藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or “或者”。
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, __67__ because I want to. 解析:but 句意:我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我想要工作。此处为not ...but ...结构,表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
解析:but→and 句意:首先我把西红柿切成块,并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them aside之间是并列关系,应使用and连接,故将but改为and。
4.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
解析:for→but/yet 根据语境,此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”,后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but/yet。
5.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. 解析:but→and 句意:忽然一个足球正好落在我面前,差点打到我。根据句意可知,fell和hit两个动作之间为顺承关系,应把but改为and。
二、主从复合句之定语从句
一、记牢关系词
关系词 who 先行词 指人 句法功能 在从句中作主语、宾语