动词的时态、语态和语气
[专项训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015·高考湖南卷改编)As you go through this book，you ____________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
解析：考查时态。句意：在你浏览这本书时，你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as引导时间状语从句，在从句中使用的是一般现在时，所以主句使用一般将来时，即所谓“主将从现”。
答案：will find
2．(2015·高考重庆卷改编)—Is Peter coming?
—No，he ____________(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 解析：句意：“彼得会来吗？”“不来了，他打完电话之后的最后一刻改变了主意。”根据句子的时间状语after a phone call at the last minute可知，彼得改变主意是过去发生的动作，是回答问题者的回忆内容，因此应该用一般过去时。
答案：changed
3．(2015·高考四川卷改编)More expressways ____________(build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
解析：句意：为了促进当地的经济发展，很快在四川将会修建更多的高速公路。从该句的时间状语soon可以得知要用将来时态；并且高速公路是“被修建”，因此要用被动语态。结合以上两点可以得知该句要用将来时态的被动语态，即will be built。
答案：will be built
4．(2015·高考福建卷改编)To my delight，I ____________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
解析：句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
答案：was chosen
5．(2015·高考天津卷改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement _____________(reach) so far by the two sides.
解析：句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案：has been reached
6．(2015·高考湖南卷改编)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but_____________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.
解析：句意：我有一种强烈的欲望，想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩，但幸亏我被商店橱窗阻挡了。句子的主语I与hold back之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；再根据句中的had可知用一般过去时。
答案：was held
7．(2015·高考重庆卷改编)Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway ____________ (not write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
解析：句意：假如没有战时的那些经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。当句中出现without，but for，otherwise等词时，句子的谓语动词用过去将来时(表示与现在或将来相反的情况)，或用过去将来完成时(表示与过去相反的情况)，本题很显然是与过去的情况相反。
答案：wouldn’t/couldn’t have written
8．—How did you find the trip to the Butterfly Valley last weekend?
—It ____________(be)more pleasant but for the heavy rain on our way home. 解析：句意：——你上周蝴蝶谷的旅行怎么样？——要不是回家的路上下大雨我们本应会更愉快的。but for“要不是”，引导隐含虚拟语气，根据句中last weekend可知该虚拟语气表示与过去的事实相反，故主句用would have done。
答案：would have been
9．The upset mother thought to herself，“If only I ____________ (know) what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.”
解析：句意：失望的妈妈心里想：“要是我现在知道我的小儿子脑袋瓜里在想些什么就好了！”If only引导的句子要用虚拟语气，根据时间状语right now可知与现在的事实相反，故know用一般过去时。
答案：knew
10．—Have you been to the United States?
—Yes，only once.I ____________(stay)there only for seven days.
解析：根据句子 Have you been to the United States？Yes，only once.我去过美国，但已经回来，所以I ________ there only for seven days是过去的事，故用一般过去时。
答案：stayed
11．____________my parents’ encouragement and support，I definitely wouldn’t be where I am today.
解析：句意：没有父母的鼓励和支持，我肯定不知道我今天在哪里。根据主句wouldn’t be可知本句为虚拟语气，并且today告诉我们本句与现在的事实相反，又因为空格后为名词encouragement和support，故空格处应填介词without，构成含蓄虚拟语气。
答案：Without 12．(2015·江西红色六校联考改编)My brother has ordered a ticket for the airplane that ____________(take) off at 7：00 a．m..
解析：句意：我哥哥已经订了一张早上7点的飞机票。根据时刻表将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表示将来时。又因为此处“that________(take) off at 7：00 a．m.”为定语从句，that指代“the airplane”，作主语，故谓语用第三人称单数。
答案：takes
13．—I saw you and Ann do some gardening yesterday afternoon.Why didn’t you take part in Sam’s wedding ceremony?
—I would have.But my car ____________(fix)．
解析：句意：——我看见你和安妮昨天下午在做园艺，你为什么不去参加山姆的婚礼？——我本想去的，但是我的车正在修。根据句意可知fix发生在过去，并且当时正在被修，故没有去参加婚礼。故用过去进行时的被动语态。
答案：was being fixed
14．That was the first time I ____________(be) to Hong Kong so I had great
difficulty finding the hotel.
解析：句意：那是我第一次去香港，因此我在找酒店时遇到很大的困难。It is/was the first time that sb.have/had done sth.意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，本题中主句时态为一般过去时，that引导的从句应用过去完成时。
答案：had been
15．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____________(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.
解析：句意：如果人们吃更多蔬菜水果，死于心脏病的数量将会大幅减少。根据主句时态will be reduced可知if条件句中应用一般现在时表示将来，并且people与persuade之间为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
答案：are persuaded Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2015·高考四川卷·短文改错)If you are me，would you talk to them? ________________________________________________________________________ 解析：考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不符，故把are改成were。
答案：are—were
2．(2015·高考陕西卷·短文改错)I wanted to do something special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the best biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：整个语境都是一般过去时，故把decide改为decided。 答案：decide—decided
3．(2015·高考浙江卷·短文改错) In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：根据上句was可知，此处应用一般过去时。 答案：is—was
4．—I wonder what makes you a good salesperson. —I have served as a waiter for three years，which contributes a lot to my today’s work.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：——我想知道什么使你成为一个好的销售员。——我当服务员三年，这对我现在的工作很有帮助。根据句意，做服务员是过去三年发生的事，因此才说对现在销售员的工作产生很多帮助，故用一般过去时。
答案：去掉have
5．—Kevin，you look worried.Anything wrong?
—Well，I take a test and I’m waiting for the result.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：——凯文，你看起来很忧虑。怎么了？——嗯，我参加了一个考试，现在正在等结果。根据句意，考试是发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时。
答案：take—took
6．Had it not been for the rain yesterday，we will not enjoy such fresh air now. ________________________________________________________________________
解析：句中Had it not been for the rain yesterday为省略if的虚拟条件句，故本句考查虚拟语气，根据主句的now表示主句与现在事实相反，故把will改成would/could。
答案：will—would/could
7．His brother，who has served in the army for five years，is now running a farm in our village.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：他当了五年兵的哥哥，现在在经营一家农场。根据句意可知他哥哥现在经营农场，故当了五年兵只存在于过去，与现在无关，故serve应用一般过去时。
答案：去掉has
8．Nowadays，cellphones have features such as games，music and calendars and more new functions are added.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：现在，手机有很多特色，如游戏、音乐和电子日历等，并且更多的新功能正在被加入(手机系统中)。根据时间状语nowadays可知应用现在时态；functions与add之间为被动关系，结合句意和常识可知，应用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案：are后加being
9．So far，large quantities of information have sent to the company by e-mail，which has a great effect on improving the quality of its products.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：迄今为止，大量的信息通过电子邮件发送到这家公司，这对提升公司产品质量有很大的影响。根据 so far可知应用现在完成时；information与send之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
答案：have后加been
10．The two friends have been chatted on line for three hours，and they will go on.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：那两个好朋友在网上聊了三个小时了，他们还要继续下去。根据句意可知，“聊天”的动作发生在过去，并一直延续到现在，而且仍要继续进行下去，故用现在完成进行时。
答案：chatted—chatting
11．The boy cried loudly because he lost his way in the jungle and thought he couldn’t go back home.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：因为在丛林中迷路并且认为回不了家，小男孩大哭起来。根据句意，“迷路”的动作发生在“大哭”之前，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
答案：lost前加had
12．It is the first time that I enjoyed this kind of moon cake.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：这是我第一次吃这种月饼。在“It/This/That is/was the first/second/...time＋(that)从句”中，如果主句用一般现在时，从句常用现在完成时。
答案：enjoyed前加have
13．—Jeff，what’s up？You are not yourself today. —Oh，Mom.I really wish I got the chance but failed.
________________________________________________________________________
解析：句意：——杰夫，怎么了？你今天状态不佳。——哦，妈妈，我真的希望我能得到这次机会，可是我失败了。wish后接宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，根据句意可知，对过去事实的虚拟，因此从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
答案：got前加had 14．He called to tell me that she was in hospital，otherwise I have known nothing about it.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：他打电话告诉我，她住院了，否则我根本就不知道。这里的otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件句if he hadn’t called to tell me that she was in hospital，根据句意可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，故主句谓语动词用would have done形式。
答案：在have前加would
15．—He will come tomorrow.
—But I’d rather he comes the day after tomorrow.
________________________________________________________________________ 解析：句意：——明天他会来。——但是我宁愿他后天来。此句使用了“would rather＋that从句”结构，从句要用虚拟语气，由于句中出现了时间状语“the day after tomorrow”，显然表示与将来事实相反，所以要用一般过去时。
答案：comes—came [高考模拟] Ⅰ.语法填空
(2015·河南郑州高中毕业年级质量预测) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two weeks before Christmas，two little girls were walking down the street 1.____________ they saw old Harry，who was on his knees pulling weeds around a tree.He wore a pair of worn gloves.His fingers were sticking out 2.____________ the ends，blue from the cold.They stopped to talk to him.
Harry told them he 3.____________ (get) the yard in shape as a Christmas gift for his mother，who had died several years before.“My mother was all I had.She loved her yard and trees，so I do this for her every Christmas.”
His words touched the girls and soon they 4.____________ (join) him，pulling weeds.When they finished，Harry pressed a coin into each of their hands.“I wish I could pay you more，but that’s all I’ve got right now，” he said.
The girls had often passed his house，and they remembered that it had always been 5.____________ poor condition.No decorations to add cheeriness were anywhere in sight.
As they walked on，the coin in one little girl’s hand seemed to burn a hole of 6.____________ (guilty)．The next day she called her friends 7.____________ they agreed to put their coins in a jar marked“Harry’s Christmas Gift”．Then they began to seek out small jobs to earn more.Every coin they earned went into the jar.
Finally，they had enough 8.____________ (buy) new gloves.On Christmas Eve they were on Harry’s doorstep singing carols.They presented him with the gloves.With 9.____________(tremble) hands，he held the gloves to his face and wept.No doubt he once again felt 10.____________ love of others as the girls reached out to him.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了两个小女孩圣诞节前用自己微薄的力量帮助他人的感人
高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 第三讲 语法专题 四 动词的时
