第一篇 基础知识第八章 机动车专业英语 

4、the cylinder pressure to as much as 3－5MPa or even more.

A raise B. increase C. increases

5、In words , the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion. A other B another C the other

6、A stroke when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. A happen B occur C occurs

7、When the air-fuel mixture is compressed not only the pressure in the cylinder go up ,but the temperature of the mixture also increases. A do B did C Does

8、 the time the piston reaches TDC ,the mixture has been compressed to as little as one－tenth of its

original volume ,or even less. A on B at C by

9、The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four , or strokes. A. stage B. period C. stages

10、The of the lubricating system is to supply all moving parts inside the engine

with lubricating oil.

A aim B goal C purpose

11、What shall we do to keep the parts from rust. A get B got C getting

12、These five system are discussed in the following sections. A briefly B brief C terse

13、The burning of gasoline inside the engine high pressure. A engender B produce C produces 14、The engine also needs a system. A coolant B cooling C antifreeze

15、The engine is the source of power that the wheels around and the car move. A make go B makes got C makes go

16、The coolant gets hot I goes through the engine. A when B where C as

17、The automobile engine is an combustion engine. A internal B inside C interior

18、The coolant continually take heat the engine. A of B from C away

19、The engine a fuel system to supply it with a mixture of air and fuel.

A ask B require C requires

20、The oil keeps moving parts from wearing . A excessive B excessively C over 三、阅读与理解（20题，每题2分，共40分）

Part 1

The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages, or stroke. “Stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when the piston moves from one limiting position to the other. The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center). The lower limit of piston movement is called BDC (bottom dead center). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion.

Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (or two crankshaft revolutions), the engines is called a four-stroke-cycle engine, or a four-cycle engine. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.

1. What do we see from the paragraphs? ( ) A. What is stroke? B. What is engine? C. What is cylinder?

2. Which one Statement is true according the above first paragraph? ( )

A. A four-stroke-cycle engine means that four strokes is required when it finish the whole cycle. B. A stroke is not piston movement from TDC to BDC, but from BDC to TDC. C. The lower limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center). 3. What is BDC in the term of automobile industry? ( ) A. Bottom dead center. B. Top dead center. C. Neither of A and B.

4. Which one Statement is TRUE according the last paragraph? ( ) A. The four strokes occur in two crankshaft revolutions. B. The four strokes occur in four crankshaft revolutions. C. The four strokes occur in one crankshaft revolutions. 5. Which one Statement is TURE according the article? ( )

A. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust. B. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and inhauls.

C. The four piston strokes are intake, combining, power, and exhaust.

Part 2

Power stroke: As the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke, an electric spark is produced at the spark plug. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the spark. The spark ignites, or sets fire to, the air-fuel mixture. It now beings to burn very rapidly, and the cylinder pressure increases to as much as 3-5 Mpa or even more. This terrific push against the piston forces it downward, and a power impulse is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankpin on the crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotated as the piston is pushed down by the pressure above it. 6. Which topic is fit with the paragraph? ( ) A. Power stroke B. Compression stroke. C. Exhaust stroke.

7. Which one Statement is TURE according the article? ( ) A. The terrific push against the piston forces it downward. B. The slight push against the piston forces it downward. C. This little push against the piston forces it downward. 8. Which word or phrase can change the word “ignites”? ( ) A. sets fire to B. shoots at C. charges

9. Which one Statement is TURE according the article? ( )

A. The ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to begin the spark. B. The ignition system delivers a low-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to defend the spark. C. The ignition system delivers a constant-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug to produce the

spark.

10. When the air-fuel mixture beings to burn very rapidly, how much does the cylinder pressure increase to? ( )

A. As much as 3-5 Mpa or even more. B. As much as 3-5 bar or even more. C. About 3-5 Kpa.

Part 3

We all know that diesel engines, in principle, work in the same way as gasoline engines do. Both kinds of engines are internal combustion engines, but each of them has its characteristic features.

Now let us compare the diesel engine with the gasoline engine. Firstly, the explosive mixture of the gasoline engine is provided by a carburetor, but in the case of the diesel engine the supply is affected by an injection or “jerk” pump which forces a “shot” of fuel into each cylinder in turn according to the correct firing sequence. Secondly, the fundamental difference between gasoline and diesel engines is that in the gasoline engine the source of the heat for igniting the charge, namely, an electric spark, is generated outside the engine, and is taken, as it were, into the waiting charge at the required instant. In the diesel engine the source of heat for igniting the charge is created within the engine by compressing pure air to a degree that will initiate combustion and then injecting the fuel at the right time in relation to the movement of the crankshaft.

11. What do we see from the first paragraph? ( )

A. Diesel engines work in the same mean as gasoline engines do. B. Diesel engines don’t work in the same way as gasoline engines do. C. Either of A and B.

12. Which one Statement is true in the article? ( )

A. the explosive mixture of the gasoline engine is provided by a carburetor. B. the fuel supply of the diesel engine is affected by an injection or “jerk” pump. C. both of A and B

13. What is the fundamental difference between gasoline and diesel engines? ( ) A. In the gasoline engine, an electric spark plug is required in a cylinder. B. In the diesel engine, an electric spark plug is required in a cylinder. C. Both of A and B.

14. Which one Statement is true in the term of diesel engines in the article? ( ) A. the diesel engine the supply is affected by an injection. B. the diesel engine the supply is affected by or a “jerk” pump C. Both A and B.

15. Which topic is fit with the article? ( ) A. Diesel engine operating features. B. Gasoline engine operating features. C. Jerk pump operating features.

Part 4

Both classes of engines are of very similar construction. But as the higher pressure is called upon in cylinders, it has to be of more substantial construction, and is thus heavier. In general, the diesel engine may weigh about 9.25 kilograms per kilowatt. The most important advantage of the gasoline engine is its lower weight per kilowatt. The gasoline engine for automobiles may weigh about 6.17 kilograms per kilowatt, and

gasoline engines for airplanes may weigh as 0.77 kilograms per kilowatt. This advantage prevents the diesel engine form replacing the gasoline engine in some automobiles and airplanes.

In addition, the engine runs cooler than the gasoline engine. This advantage is especially obvious at lower speeds. Diesel oil is not only cheaper than gasoline, but also safer to store. 16. Which one Statement is true in the term of engines in the article? ( ) A. Both classes of engines are of very similar construction. B. Both classes of engines are of a little similar construction. C. Both classes of engines are NOT of similar construction.

17. How many kilograms per kilowatt may the diesel engine weigh generally? ( ) A. about 9.25 B. about 0.77 C. about 6.17

18. What is the most important advantage of the gasoline engine? ( ) A. its lower weight per kilowatt. B. its higher weight per kilowatt. C. neither of A and B

19. What advantage is especially obvious at lower speeds for diesel engines?. ( ) A. the diesel engine runs cooler than the gasoline engine. B. the diesel engine runs hotter than the gasoline engine. C. the diesel engine runs harder than the gasoline engine.

20. Which one Statement is true in the term of engines in the article? ( ) A. Diesel oil is cheaper than gasoline. B. Diesel oil is safer to store than gasoline.. C. both of A and B.

四、句子英译汉（每小题5分，2小题，共10分）

1、The automobile engines can be classified according to: ① number of cylinders; ② arrangements of cylinders; ③ arrangement of valves; ④ type of cooling;

2、The coolant gets hot as it goes through the engine .

五、句子汉译英（每小题5分，共10分）

1、汽车发动是一种内燃机，因为燃油（汽油）是在发动机内燃烧的。