一、
一般现在时
（一）定义
表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格 和能力及客观真理。
例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .
She is at home . （二）构成
主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。 （三）句型
1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。 He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? （四）用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes, usually, always, everyday year, month．．．), once/twice a week (month, year, etc.), seldom, on Sunday等连用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you come this afternoon,we’ll have a meeting . 如果你今天下午回来，我们将开会。
4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了\描述现阶段的动作或状态\，其重点\不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态\。 例如： He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。 （五）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;
如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。 2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es; 如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es; 如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has， 如：He has an interesting book .
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二 人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is. Exercises:
1)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.I like ____________ (swim). 2.He _________(read) English every day.
3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning. 4.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ? 5.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ? 6. Why__________Tom absent today ? ( be )
7. _________you study English at school ? Yes , I___________. ( do )
8. __________your sister study English at school ? No , she__________ . ( do ) 2)单项选择题
1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow. A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain 2. There _____ an English film next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be 3. The picture _______ nice.
A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking
4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay 5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to
6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week. A. will come B. came C. would come D. come 7. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off.
A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8. I saw her ____ the room this morning.
A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time.
A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes
10. Jim decided _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. Leave
二、一般过去时：
（一）定义
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 例：I was born on April 2, 1986. （二）结构
1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。
I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。
主语+didn’t + V原+其他。
I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday . I didn’t go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？ Did +主语+V原+其他？
Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ? 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？
Where were you yesterday ? Where did you go yesterday ? （三）用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，
常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month,year...)…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用。 如: At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .
2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .
3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。 He said he wouldn’t go if it rained . （四）动词过去式的规则变化
1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed 如look-looked 2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced；
3) 结尾是―辅音字母+y‖ 的动词, 变―y‖为―i‖ 再加ed, 如study studied; 4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped. Exercises:
1)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
三、一般将来时
（一）概念
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 There will be an English party next Saturday . We will come to see you tomorrow . （二）结构
1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。 2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称） I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。 3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）
He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。 （三）用法
1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，
year．．．．）， this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by．．．， soon 等连用、
I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week . I hope you won’t be late next time .
2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导的时间
初中英语八种时态整理
