材料科学与工程专业英语匡少平课后翻译答案
Alloy 合金 applied force 作用力 amorphous materials 不定形材料 artificial
materials 人工材料 biomaterials 生物材料 biological synthesis 生物合成 biocompatib订ity生物相容性brittle failure脆性破坏carbon nanotube碳纳米管 carboxylic acid 羟酸 critical stress 临近应力 dielectric constant 介电常数 clay mineral 粘土矿物 cross-sectional area 横截面积 critical shear stress 临界剪切应力 critical length 临界长度 curing agent 固化剂 dynamic or cyclic loading 动态循环负 St linear coefficien t of t hemal expans io n 性膨胀系数
electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射 electrodeposition 电极沉积
nonlocalizedelectrons 游离电子 electron beam lithography 电子束光刻 elasticity 弹 性系数 electrostation adsorption 静电吸附 elastic modulus 弹性模量 elastic deformation 弹性形变 elastomer 弹性体 engineering strain 工程应变 crystallization 结晶fiber-optic光纤维Ethylene oxide环氧乙烷
fabrication process 制造过程 glass fiber 玻璃纤维 glass transition temperatore 玻璃化转变温度heat capacity热熔Hearing aids助听器integrated circuit集成电路
Interdisplinary 交叉学科 intimate contact 密切接触 inert substance 惰性材料 implant 移植 individual application 个体应用 deformation 局部形变
mechanical strength 机械强度 mechanical attrition 机械磨损 Mechanical properties 力学性 Materials processing 材料加工质 mechanical behavior 力学行为 magnetic permeab订ity 磁导率 magnetic hybrid technique 混合技术 induetion 磁感应 mass per unit of volume 单位体积质量 monomer identity 单体种类 molecular* mass 分 ■T# microsphere encapsulation technique 微球胶囊技术 microscopical 宏观的
naked eye 肉眼 nonlocalized nanoengineered materials 纳米材料 nanostruetured
materials 纳米结构材料 nonferrous metal 有色金属线 nucleic acid 核酸 nanoscale 纳 米尺度 Nanotechnology 纳米技术 nanobiotechnology 纳米生物技术 nanocontact printing纳米接触印刷
opti cal proper ty 光学性质 opto elec tronic device 光电设备 oxi da tion degrada tion 氧化降解piezoelectric ceramics压电陶瓷Relative density相对密度
stiffnesses 冈！J度 sensor 传感材料 semiconductors 半导体 specific gravity 比重 shear 剪切 Surface tention 表面张力 seif-organization 自组装 static loading 静载荷 stress area 应力面积 stress-strain curves 应力应变曲线 sphere radius 球半径
submicron technique 亚微米技术 substrate 衬底 supramolecalar 超分子 sol-gel method 溶胶凝胶法 thermal/electrical conductivity 热/点导率 thermoplastic materials 热塑性材料 Thermosetting plastic 热固性塑料 thermal motion 热运动 toughness test 韧性试验 tension 张力 torsion 扭曲 Tens订e Properties 拉伸性能 Two- dime ntiorial
nanostrueture 二维纳米结构 Tissue engineering 组织工程 transplantation of organs 器官移植 the service life 使用寿命 the longitudinal direc tion 纵向 the initial len gth of the mat erials 初始长度 the accelera tion gravity 重力加速度 the normal
vertical axis 垂直轴 the surface to volume ratio 比 表面密度 the burgers vector 伯格丝矢量 the mechanics and dynamics of tissues 组 织力学和动力学
phase transformation temperature 相转变温度 plastic deformation 塑性形变 Pottery 陶瓷 persistence length 余晖长度 polymer synthesis 聚合物合成 Polar monomer 记性单体 polyelectrolyte 高分子电解质 pinning point 钉扌L点 plasma etching 等离子腐蚀pharmacological acceptab订ity药理接受性pyrolysis高温分解
ultrasonic treatment 超射波处理 yield strength 屈服强度 vulcanization 硫化 1-1：直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。
It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the struetural elements of materials and their properties. 1-2:材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。
Ma/t erials engineering mainly deals with the use of mat erials and how materials are manufactured.
1-3:材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。
The materials process decided not only the strueture but also the characteristic and performance of the materials.
1- 4:材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的变形有关。
Mechanical properties are tied to the deformation to an applied load or force. 2- 1:金属元素有许多游离电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons, therefore, many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.
2-2:许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。Many of polymers are organic compounds and have very long molecular struetures.
2-3:半导体材料的电性特征介于导电材料(如金属、金属合金)与绝缘体(陶瓷材料和 聚合体材料)之间 o Semiconduc tors have ele trical proper ties that are intermediated between the electrical conductors (viz. metals and metal alloys) and insulator(viz. ceramics and polymers).
2-4:生物材料不能产生毒性，并且必须与人体组织互相兼容。Biomaterial must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.
4-1:化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。 Chemical properties are used to describe how a substance change into a completely different
substance.
4-2:相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相，液相，气相和等离子体。 Phase is a physical property of matter and ma/ttei' can exist in four phases: solid, liquid, gas and plasma.
4-3:当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子仍然连接在分子链上，从而 形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。At the temperature below the melting point, the polymer start to lose their crystalline strueture but the molecules remain linked in chains, which resuIts in a soft and pliable material.
4-4:在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值来表示。In engineering
applications, permeability is often expressed in relative, rather than in absolute, terms.
13-1:现在商业上重要的聚合物是通过有机合成技术制备的。Most commercially important polymers today are synthesized by organic synthetic techniques.
13-2:某些生物聚合物是由一系列不同的但是结构却是相关的单体组成的，例如：聚核 昔酸是由核苜组成的。Some biological polymers are composed of a variety of different but strueturally related monomers, such as polynucleotides composed of nucleotide subunits.
13-3:具有高交联度的聚合物分子能够形成聚合物的网状结构。A polymer molecule with a high degree of crosslinking is referred to as a polymer network.
13- 4:聚合物的分子质量可以用聚合程度来表示，本质上就是组成聚合物单体的数目。 The polymer molecular mass may be expressed in terms of degree of polymerization, essentially the number of monomer units which comprise the polymer.
14- 1:不同化学结构的聚合物具有不同的物理和化学性质。Polymers of different chemical compositions provide great variety in physical and chemical properties. 14-2:热固性塑料成型后，由于不能取消化学过程，因此不能重新再成型。After being shaped, the thermosetting plastic cannot be reshaped owing to the irreversible chemical processes.
14-3:天然橡胶不是一种有用的聚合物，因为它太软了，并且太容易发生化学反应。 Na/tural rubber is not a useful polymer because it is too soft and too chemically reactive. 14-4:我们可以在聚合物中加入各种不同的化合物，使聚合物具有抗日照和抗氧化降解 的性质。Various substances may be added to polymers to provide protection against the effects of sunlight or* against degradation by oxidation.
19-1:纳米技术处理具有纳米尺寸的材料，例如纳米结构材料。Nanotechnology deals with materials with dimensions of nanometers, i. e. nanostruetured materials.
材料科学与工程专业英语匡少平课后翻译答案.doc
