2024年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 The power of nature考点规范练 新
人教版选修6
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·合肥第一次质检)
A
Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have existed on the planet,and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.
The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were
recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores,suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts.
Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s,blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the
1960s,whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific,making sightings in this area rare.However,much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.
The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.
To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now,the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration
patterns,but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.
1.According to the passage,blue whales are . A.following a fixed route of migration B.dying out due to commercial whaling C.moving from the south to the north D.rarely found in the Southern Pacific
2.The whale population in the North Pacific . A.is different from the California population B.is probably part of the California population C.has become the largest group since the 1970s D.has lived there since the 1960s
3.The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means . A.land creatures B.whale species C.ocean conditions D.migration patterns
4.What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers? A.Commercial whaling. B.Weather conditions. C.Life reproduction. D.Food resources.
B
(2016·山西考前质检)
Some fish seem to be capable of adapting rapidly to climate change.In fact,they might even boom in the warmer oceans of the future,growing bigger and healthier than they can at present-day temperatures.Evidence gathered over the past decades has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate to cooler waters,or else face extinction.Signs of such migration have already been seen.But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.
Earlier this month,Philip Munday of James Cook University,and his colleagues showed that one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.Yet there are questions over the potential cost of such an adaptation.The
fish’s ability to swim seems to be unchanged,but as Munday noted,“Maybe we’ll see trade-offs with growth rates.There are no free lunch in this world.”
Donelson from Sydney raised several groups of maroon clownfish(小丑鱼),which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.She kept one group at temperatures
representing present-day conditions on the Great Barrier Reef,from where the parents of the fish were collected.In addition,she kept another group at 1.5℃ warmer and a third group at 3℃ warmer,representing the ocean temperature rise expected by the end of the century.
After a year of growing,the fish adapted to the warmer temperatures,upping their aerobic metabolism(有氧代谢),which seemed to contribute to other benefits:those raised at temperatures 3℃ warmer grew 8 percent larger and 29 percent heavier than fish raised at lower temperatures.
Donelson says that it is hard to make predictions about how different species will cope with climate change.“But at least it won’t be all negative news for all species,”she says.
5.The main idea of the first paragraph is that . A.some fish can adjust to warmer waters
B.some fish can grow bigger at present-day temperatures C.some fish may die out in cooler waters
D.big fish can survive the temperature change
6.One specific kind of fish adjusts to the changed surroundings by . A.switching their genes on and off B.growing quickly
C.training their ability to swim D.living in a group
7.From Donelson’s experiment,we know .
A.the clownfish she raised are from the Great Barrier Reef B.she raised the fish in two different temperature conditions
C.after a year’s growing,the fish failed to adjust to warmer temperatures D.the fish raised in the warmest water grow largest and heaviest 8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Different species will deal with climate change in the same way. B.Climate change has a positive effect on all the species.
C.Fish is not the only species that can meet the challenge of climate change. D.Species which can adapt to climate change would survive. Ⅱ.七选五阅读
(2016·郑州第一次质检)
Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct
experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology(心理
学).Before beginning a study,however,any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method. 1
◆Form a hypothesis(假设).It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study. 2 Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.
◆Plan out a study.Planning out the experiment is essential because the
psychologist needs to know if they have time,materials,and testing areas prepared beforehand.This step also helps the scientists to determine if they will be
performing descriptive or experimental research.The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research. 3 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data.
◆Collect data. 4 If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost.
◆Analyze the data.Once all the data has been collected and organized,it must be analyzed.Using previous research or scientific information about the problem,the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.
◆Publish the information learned.The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study. 5 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals. A.It is based on scientific facts,not just opinions.
B.Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.
C.Before psychologists start the experiment,they must plan out the steps. D.This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information. E.The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research. F.To fully understand the study,each part of the experiment must be recorded.
G.Sometimes,however,this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used. Ⅲ.短文改错
I stare from the window of my hotel room.A older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that
evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get up from the table and reach for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both hand,leaning heavy.She made her way out of the restaurant,smile.As I drank me coffee in the hall the next morning,I
noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustn’t be what the walking lessons were all about.
?导学号92550069?
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考点规范练30(选修6 Unit 5)
Ⅰ.【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章主要讲的是蓝鲸的迁移以及有可能引起迁移的原因。
1.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“...the whales may be following their food moving farther north...”可推出,蓝鲸正从南向北移动。故选C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.”可知,选B项。
3.B 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean...”可知,为了辨认蓝鲸,研究者看在北太平洋拍的有关cetaceans的照片,所以cetaceans应该指的是鲸类。故选B项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...but they suspect that the whales may be
following their food moving farther north...”可知,研究者怀疑蓝鲸有可能跟随着它们的食物向北移动。故选D项。
【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章向我们介绍了有些鱼能够适应气候的改变。而且最近的研究表明,一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,但鱼类并不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种。
5.A 段落大意题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.”可知,最近的研究表明一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,故选A项。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.”可知,这种鱼通过改变基因来适应周围环境的改变,故选A项。 7.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“...which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.”可知A项错;根据第三段中的She kept one group和“...she kept another group...and a third group...”可知,她养了三组小丑鱼,B项错;根据第四段的内容可知,一年后,小丑鱼适应了更温暖的温度,并且在温度最高的水域里,小丑鱼长得最大最重,故C项错误,D项正确。
8.C 推理判断题。根据本段的大意可知,Donelson说很难预测不同的物种如何应对气候变化,但对于所有的物种来说并不都是坏消息,由此可推知,鱼类不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种,故选C项。
Ⅱ.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要阐明了如何在心理学实验中使用科学的方法。
1.B 根据空前的the scientific method可知,选B项,用来指明如何在心理学实验中使用科学的方法。
2.A 根据本段第一句“Form a hypothesis.”以及空后的“Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.”可知,本段主要阐述了心理学实验的第一步:形成一个假设,以科学事实而不仅仅是观点为根据。故A项正确。
3.G 空前的to always perform experimental research与G项中的this相对应;空后的
Descriptive research与G选项中的descriptive research相对应,用以阐明描述性研究的特点,故G项正确。
4.F 根据空后的“If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire
efforts of the study may be wasted.”和record the proceedings可以判断,空处阐述的是将数据记录下来的重要性,故F项正确。
5.D 根据该段首句“Publish the information learned.”可知,该段主要阐述将实验得出的结论公开出版,故选D项,这有助于其他心理学家学习和使用新的信息。 Ⅲ. I stare
from the window of my hotel room.A
older gentleman was helping
a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get up from the table and reach
for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both hand
,leaning
heavy.She made her way out of the restaurant,smile.As I drank me coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustn’t
be what the walking lessons were all about.
2024年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 The power of nature考点规范练 新人教版选修6
