Unit Two
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Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classification
1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.
1. Skim the following passage for the answers to the questions below.
2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO2 ( the increase of
population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 3) CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.
4) Classif ication helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.
5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.
Reading 1
Task 2
Causes for Global Warming
Understanding Lectures through Classification
Listening 1
1. Listening to the lecture and write down whatever you believe is important, especially the
classifications of key terms.
Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc. 2. Use your notes. Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F). Then justify your answers, in the space provided, by giving evidence from the talk. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F
3. Listen again, paying attention to the following classifications and then complete the tables below.
Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation
Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict
4. Listen again and piece your notes together into a short summary. Then retell the lecture to your partner.
There are two interesting ideas in Freud’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that
unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on“the Pleasure Principle”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.
Task 3 Reading Classification Articles
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Reading 2 Renewable Energy Sources—A Brief Summary
1.of Reading Work with2 aand par discusstner or the a grfoupollowing of 3 —questions4 students.
. Study the title and phrases in bold
1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished).
2) √□T he purpose of using renewable energy sources. √□ The classification of renewable energy sources. √□T he examples of different types of renewable energy sources. √□
The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources. √□
The history of the use of different energy sources. □ How energy is obtained from various sources.
3) I will write:
(1) The definition of the renewable energy.
(2) The classification of the renewable energy.
(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.
2. Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.
1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.
2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.
3) The main demerit is that it is limited.
4) Sailors, farmers and architects.
5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.
6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.
7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity.
8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.
9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.
10) The Environmental Protection Agency.
3. Match the target words with the definitions below. You may infer their meaning
from context.
1) j. evolution 2) s. solar
3) a. architect
4) l. geother
) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute 10) q. radiant 11) i. 12) t. 13) k. 14) d. 15) g. definitdomestic16) n. install validation17) e. generator18) m. capture19) o.
20) c. blade
4. For open discussion
consumption harness internal
Reading 3 Types of Pollution
5. Read the definitions below and choose the words that fit these definitions.
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1) voluntary
2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption
7) yield
13) vapor
5) regulati
18) underground 19)
particulate concentration
6. Match each paragraph with its main idea.
6) deforestation 11) hazardous 12)
residential 16) disrupt 17)
8) irrigation 9) confine 10
14) decay 15) erosion
20) combat
Paragraphs Main ideas (_k_) Para. A (_s_) Para. B (_z_) Para. C (_f_) Para.D (_o_) Para. E (_x_) Para.F (_c_) Para. G (_y_) Para. H (_q_) Para. I (_v_) Para. J (_a_) Para. K (_i_) Para. L (_b_) Para. M (_l_) Para. N (_d_) Para. O (_w_) Para. P (_e_) Para. Q
a. Definition and sources of noise pollution. b. Characteristics of radioactive pollution. c. Effects of water pollution. d. Consequences of radiation pollution. e. Causes of thermal pollution. f. Effects of air pollution. g. Problems caused by thermal pollution. h. Undesirable results caused by light pollution. i. Damages caused by noise pollution. j. Causes and harms of visual pollution. k. A general description of the 9 recognized sources of pollution. l. Sources of radioactive pollution. m. Effects of visual pollution. n. Sources of visual pollution. o. What is water pollution. p. Definition and sources of personal pollution. q. Soil pollution sources.
Paragraphs Main ideas (_g_) Para. R (_u_) Para.S (_h_) Para. T (_j_) Para. U (_n_) Para. V (_m_) Para. W (_p_) Para. X (_t_) Para.Y (_r_) Para. Z
r. The interrelations among all kinds of pollution. s. The definition of air pollution. t. How to eliminate personal pollution. u. Definition and sources of light pollution v. Problems caused by soil pollution. w. Definition of thermal pollution. x. Causes of water pollution. y. Definition of soil pollution. z. Sources of air pollution.
7. Decide which of the statements can be inferred from Reading 3, and then write down the number
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of the paragraph(s) from which your answer most probably comes, leaving the explicit or false statements unnumbered, but using E or F respectively to indicate that they are explicit or false. Discuss your answers with a partner.
Paragraphs (Marked I, or E or F) Statements Para. Z E 1. A knowledge of different pollution types enables a person to change his lifestyle. 2. Thermal pollution is caused by too much heat which creates unfavorable effects over a long time. 3. If the air is f illed with a high concentration of pollutants, it would lead to obvious problems. 4. Noise pollution may lead to deafness or interrupt the normal life of wild animals. 5. Water pollution may result in an insufficient supply of drinkable water. 6. Since visual pollution causes few immediate health effects, it is not serious at all. 7. Soil pollution may be both intended and unintended. 8. Over smoking and drinking belongs to personal pollution. Para. D Para. L Para. E F Para. H E
Task 4 Writing an Essay of Classification
Reading 4 Types of Sustainability
1. Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.
Parts Para. Main ideas Supporting details I A Classif ication of Def inition of human sustainability: good productive health and safe childbearing. It is vital to understand the Elements involved: For parents: caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and sustainability: human, economic, differences of each in terms of its II B C well-being. Definition of economic sustainability: Explanation: (relation between having preservation and consumption) We must a set amount of capital for a certain preserve all our sources as we consume period. Why social capital is important: It is Explanation (how to achieve it): through communities and civil societies Through D that humankind can easily inexpensively work together. proper maintenance of and and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for .WORD完美格式.
.专业资料分享. Why environmental sustainability is Elements involved: important: It involves natural Natural resources: Materials solutions that address human needs. Waste emissions: They must be at volumes that nature can handle. E—F resources that human beings need for taken from nature are used for economic or manufactured capital.
5. Study the following models, and then paraphrase the sentences below by changing the order of a structure. The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as different as possible in structure and as formal as possible in style. 1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite the occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.
2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines. 3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference between education and training.
) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptible to malignant
melanoma.
5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.
6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.
7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of US territorial expansion.
8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.
9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.
10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.
Integrated Exercises
2. Match each word in the box with the group of words that regularly occur with it in all cases.
1) motivation capture
2) demolish 7) assert 12) disrupt
3) symptom 8) yield
4) combat 9) internal
5) 10)
6) distribute emergence
11) adherence
3. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentences as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but as different as possible in vocabulary and structure and as formal as possible in style. You are required to use the words given in capital letters. And then compare them with your partner’s.
1) Internet access is available in students’ dormitory. 2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.
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综合学术英语教程练习答案解析
