2024中考英语阅读理解与阅读表达技巧指导及试题专攻
学习课题 学习目标 学习重难点 阅读理解与阅读表达 技巧梳理+方法指导 阅读表达 本节知识
阅读理解 一、主旨概括型
对此类题型，第一要确定主题句。每段的主题句常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中，或通过归纳分析得到，一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。 然后根据文章意思和作者意图进行全面理解而归纳概括出来;注意不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2)干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 3)干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。 1． 开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？ （B） A.Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B.Opinions about competition are different among people. C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.
解析：主题句中涉及到“argument”，与“opinion”及“different”相符，故选B；A、C分别是两种观点，以偏概全；D答案文中根本没有提到。 2． 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
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On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. 题目：What’s the main idea of the passage？ （C） A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net.
C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.
解析：A答案文中没有提到，并且与内容相悖；B选项太过笼统，不能对文章进行概括；D
选项时内容的一部分，以偏概全；故选C，由文章最后一句得出。
3．首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行
阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
Lacrosse（曲棍球） is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
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题目：The passage is mainly about _________. （D） A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
解析：A选项在文中并没有提到；B选项相比D不够准确；C选项太过片面；由前后呼应句可得到D答案。
4．抛砖引玉式：文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。 How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful？
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats (栖息地). Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species(物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
题目： What does the author try to argue in the passage？ A.Zoos are not worth the public support. B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings. D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
解析：A选项是对“Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups …”的片段误解；C选项在文中没有提到；D选项是主观错误推断；由上文划线句可以得出B选项。
5．藏龙卧虎式：即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻
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找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。
Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people
met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
题目：The first paragraph mainly tells us ______. （B）由文章归纳得出 A. where handshaking was first practiced B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
二、选择最好的标题——选帽原则：像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。
He wishes the holiday season would end already. His back aches, his red suit feels like a spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …
The questions from children these days are harder than ever. Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable. For example, “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？” Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)? 题：What would be the best title for the passage？（A） A．Christmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive？ C．A Christmas Story
D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children？
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主旨题不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题，要注意
1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。 要克服“我认为?怎么样”的观点。
2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。
因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的。 3、注意绝对化的词。
如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。 4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。
尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。 5、“傻瓜”原则。
文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。
二、推理判断型 做题要领：
既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。 考查学生:
? 判断、推理和引申
? 理解作者的意图、观点或态度 例题解析（一）：
Once upon a time, there was a lovely garden. There was a tree with many leaves and some
vegetables in the garden. Both the vegetables and the tree made the garden beautiful. The garden’s owner was very proud of this. But the tree and the vegetables didn’t like each other. The vegetables hated the tree’s shadow. The tree thought the vegetables drank all the water.
One day, the vegetables decided to use up all the water in the ground so that the tree would dry up. Then the tree answered back by refusing to shade the vegetables
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2024中考英语阅读理解与阅读表达技巧指导（18页）
