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Unit 1 语法重点
非谓语动词：to do/doing 一、动词不定式
不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。 （1）做主语
① 动词不定式短语
To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question
② 为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如：
1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如： It is foolish to do in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. 2）某些动词做谓语时。例如： It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. (2) 做表语
表示打算、计划、命令和要求，用于appear, seem, happen等系动词后面 Such questions are to be avoided. What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill. (3) 做定语
做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如： He was the first one to come this morning. He didn’t have the chance to go to school in the past.
如果不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如： He has nothing to worry about.
She is a very nice person to work with. (4) 作状语
不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因和结果。
① 表目的常用in order to, so as to,等结构但so as to只能放在主句之后。 Check your homework so as to avoid mistakes.
She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week.
② 表结果常用only to do, enough to do, too…to do等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有“意料之外”之意。
He is too excited to speak anything.
I hurried to his house, only to find him out. ③原因
She seemed surprised to see us.
He is sorry for what he did to think of his past.
-不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的结构，其意为“好像要……”。
He raised his hand as if to hit me.
She took out a pen and a piece of paper as though to write something. (5) 做宾语
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① 某些及物动词要用动词不定式作宾语, 以下及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语： agree, ask, attempt, choose, continue, decide, desire, determine, expect, forget,
hope,,intend, learn, manage, mean, offer, prefer,,promise, refuse, try，want, wish等。例如：
② 动词不定式作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而将真正宾语动词不定式后移，用于该形式的常见动词有：believe, consider, feel, guess, imagine, know, make, prove, realize, see, show, suppose, think, understand, find等。例如： I felt it useless for us to say anything further.
I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running. (6) 做宾语补足语
① 带to的不定式做宾补
有相当数量的及物动词或短语可以接带to的不定式做宾补。例如： I shall try to persuade her to see the doctor. The villagers didn’t allow them to do this. I will ask them to leave the company. I shall persuade him to take the medicine. ② 不带to的不定式做宾补
也有一些及物动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补，常见的有使役动词类：make, let, have；感官动词类：see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等。但在被动结构中要带to (let除外)。例如： Someone saw him enter my room. He was seen to enter my room. The boy made the baby laugh. The baby was made to laugh (7)“疑问词+不定式”相当于这些疑问代词和副词引导的名词性从句。常见引导该形式的动词有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, 在句子中可以做主语、宾语或表语。例如：
What to do next has not been decided. = What will do next has not been decided. What worries me most is how to do it. = What worries me most is how we will do it. I don’t know when to leave. = I don’t know when we will leave.
(10) 动词不定式的复合结构
① 不定式的复合结构做主语时，常见用两种特定句型: “It is + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.” 和 “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”。例：
It is easy for us to understand the sentence. It is clever of you to do that.
二、动名词
动名词是一种非谓语形式，起名词的作用，但带有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。 1.动名词的用法 (1) 做主语
① 动名词做主语表示比较抽象、习惯性和经常性的意义.例如： Saying is easier than doing. Collecting stamps is a good hobby. ② 为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如：
1) 谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词。例如：
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It’s interesting planning a holiday. It’s rather tiring walking around in a city. 2) 当use，good，waste，bore，fun，shame，encouragement，等名词作表语时，通常用it作形式主语，把作为真正主语的动名词后置。例如：
It’s no use talking to him again. = There is no use talking to him again. It’s no good refusing to do it. = There is no good refusing to do it.
(2) 作宾语
某些动词或短语动词后面可以接动名词,见下表： 特定动词 + doing avoid, admit, advise, allow, permit, bear, stand, delay consider, complete, finish, risk, mind, miss, imagine, enjoy, , practise, suggest 等 短语动词 + doing be worth, can’t help, can’t stand, feel like, insist on, succeed in, give up, spend / waste time / money (in), have / find difficulty / trouble/ time (in) 等 ① 放在介词on; upon，after等后面时，例如： On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.
After standing in the queue for hours, we got good seats. ③ 有些后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式，意义区别不大。常见的动词有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, attempt, intend, propose等。 He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five.
④有些动词后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式，意义区别大。见下表：
try to do sth. （努力去做） try doing sth. （试着、尝试做） remember to do sth （记得要做） remember doing sth.（记得做过） forget to do sth. （忘记要做某事） forget doing sth. (忘记做过某事） mean to do sth. （打算做某事） mean doing sth. （意味着） can’t help to do sth. （不能帮助做某事） can’t help doing sth.（禁不住做某事） stop to do sth. （停下来去做另一件事） stop doing sth. （停止做某事） go on to do sth. （接下来做另一件事） go on doing sth. （继续做同一件事） regret to do sth （遗憾要做某事） regret doing sth （后悔做过某事） (3) 作表语
相当于名词，说明主语动作的情况和状态。例如：
My job is teaching English.
Her job is taking care of the children.
Our duty is serving the people. = Our duty is to serve the people. (4) 作定语
说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性质，它同所修饰的名词间不存在主谓关系。 a living room = a room for living a swimming pool = a pool for swimming a waling stick = a stick for walking
(5) 动名词的复合结构
动名词之前的名词，如果是有生命的，通常用所属格表示，如果是无生命的，则用通格表示，现在有一种趋势用名词和代词代替所有格。
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His coming won’t help much. They insisted on our staying there. Do you remember Mary coming to see you?
I don’t mind your (you) smoking.
We are happy about his coming to see us. He insisted on being sent to the hard area.
(6) 动名词的主动形式表示被动意义
① be worth 后接动名词时。
This book is well worth reading. =The book is worth to be read.
② need，want，require，bear，stand等动词后面可用动名词的主动式表被动意义，但用不定式时则只能用被动形式。
The old man needs looking after / to be looked after.
Exercise
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.
2. She said she___ her uncle very much and hoped ____him. A. missed, to hear from B. missed, to hear C. misses, hearing from D. misses, hearing
2. ______a living, she had to work from morning till night. A. To make B. made C. Making D. To have made
3. Mrs Brown regretted____ his son. A. beated B. beating C. beat D. beaten
4. I often hear him ___about the great writer. A. to talk B. talk C. speaking D. to tell
5. Missing the last bus means___ home. A. to walk B. walking C. walked D. walk
6. Paul doesn't have to be made____ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying
7. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports starts. A. had B. having C. to have D. have
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8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him __. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not 9. —I didn't hear you come in last night. —That's good. We tired ___ noisy. A. not to B. to be not C. to be D. not to be
10. —I hear that you and Francis will spend your vacation in Nepal next spring. —Yes, we are planning _____.
A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it
11. I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed
12. — The light in the office is still on. — Oh, I forgot_____ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
13. I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon. A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling
14. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
15. — I must apologize for ____ ahead of time. — That’ all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know
16. — You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. — Well, now I regret ____ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
17. He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called
18. Do you mind ___ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Jane’s being left D. Jane to be left
19. She looks forward every spring to ___ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
20. Once your business becomes international, ___ constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying 21. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they
don’t really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
22. — What do you think made Mary so upset? — ___ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 23. — Let me tell you something about the journalists. — Don’t you remember ___the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told
24. One learns a language by making mistakes and ___them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correct
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高二英语必修五unit1语法总结讲课教案
