课题: 教学目标: 中考语法复习专题 情态动词教案 1. 掌握9组情态动词的用法 2. 情态动词表推测以及问答考点 教学重点: 情态动词的特点,基本用法,否定式以及句式回答 教学难点: 情态动词的推测意义以及must,need的回答 教学内容: 一、Warming up 1、听写复习的单词和词组。 2、复习并口述上次课所学的重点知识。 二、Presentation 情态动词的用法 (一)情态动词概说 概念:1.情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。情态动词所表示的情态有:请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。 特点:2.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面只跟动词原形。 如: 她会唱英文歌曲。 She can sing an English song. (二)情态动词的种类:(见下表) 原 形 can may must will shall 过去式 could might must(had to) would should 词 义 能 可以(或许) 必须(不得不) 愿意 应该 (三)情态动词的否定形式: cannot --- can’t could not --- couldn’t may not--- mayn’t might not--- mightn’t must not --- mustn’t will not --- won’t would not --- wouldn’t need not --- needn’t shall not --- shan’t should not --- shouldn’t ought not --- oughtn’t dare not --- daren’t (考点1,情态动词的本身含义表格中常考的情态动词均有现在和过去,用法:1、表过去式,用于疑问句中,语气比较委婉) (四)常用情态动词的用法:(考点2情态动词的常规考法和特殊考法) 1.can与could 1). can (1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。 He can drive. Can you jump as far as he did?
I can’t catch up with Jim. can与be able to二者都表示“能够”,区别是:can只有现在时和过去式,而be able to可用于各种时态。如: I’ll be able to speak French in half a year. He hasn’t been able to finish it on time. (2)表示允许: You can go now. Can I use your bike? (3)表示推测: Who can it be? It can’t be true. can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。 2). could (1)can的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。 He couldn’t climb up the mountain. The news could be true. (2)表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。 Could you go skating with me tomorrow? I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer tonight. 2.may与might 1). may (1)表示请求、许可、可以 —May I use your dictionary? —Yes, please/certainly. May I come in? (2)may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。 May you do well! May you have a good time! (3)May….?句式的否定回答:No,….mustn’t. 2). might (1)委婉地表示请求(不是过去式)。 Might I ask you a question? Might you go there with me? 3.must (1).表示义务,命令或必要。 Soldiers must obey orders. We must be strict with ourselves. (2).表示肯定的推测:一定 He must be at home.(对现在的猜测) He must be our new teacher.(肯) He can’t be our new teacher. (否) (3)此外还要弄清楚must与have to的区别 (4)mustn’t表示否定意义“禁止” (5)Must….?句式的否定回答:No,…..needn’t. 4.will与would
1). will (1)表示意愿、决心。此时可用于各种人称。 He won’t come to see you.他不愿来见你。(表示意愿) I will try my best to catch up with her.我将尽最大努力赶上她。(表示决心) (2)表示请求,此时仅限于“will you (please)…?”句型中,仅用于第二人称和疑问句中。 Will you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore? Will you have some rice? 2). would (1)will的过去式,表示过去的意愿和决心。 He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again. They believed that we would help them. (2)用于现在时,表示委婉地提出请求,建议或看法。此时would的用法比will更加委婉。 Would you please show me the way to the museum? I would like to say something about it. will和would用于“劝某人接受……”时,只能用some,不能用any。如: Would you like some fish? 吃点鱼好吗? 5.shall与should 1). shall 征求对方意见或请求,用于第一、三人称。表示“要不要……?”、“……好吗?” Shall I open the window? Shall the doctor come? 2). should (1)should意思是“应该”,表示劝告或建议(=ought to) You should wash your hands before dinner. We should help each other. 6.need 1)need意思是“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和关系问句中。 You needn’t come so early. Need I take part in the Party? 2) need引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用must,否定回答时用needn’t。 Need he come? Yes, he must. No, he needn’t. 3) need后接名词做宾语时,表示“需要”某件事物,此时用作实义动词,与一般的实义动词用法完全一样,有时态和数的变化。如: We need three apples. He doesn’t need so many books. 7. ought ought只有一种形式,后面常与to连用,意思是“应该”。 You ought to visit us often. Sorry, I ought to leave now. 在表示“应该”时,ought to的语气比should要强,比must稍弱。 8. dare 1) dare意思是“敢”,用于肯定结构中时,后接加to的动词不定式。
The boy dared to climb up the tree. She should dare to question her teacher. 2)dare用于否定句或疑问句中时,与大多数的情态动词一样,后接不带to的动词不定式。 Don't dare do that again! The poor girl dare not go home. 9.had better You had better see a doctor. You had better not leave now. 五、【情态动词命题趋势与预测】 根据对情态动词部分在全国各地中考试题的分析可知,其考查重点为: 1、情态动词在一般疑问句中的问与答 2、情态动词表示猜测的用法 3、will与shall的用法 4、dare与need的用法 六、【考点诠释】 一、考查情态动词的基本用法 1.must和have to 两者都表示“必须”的意思,但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度;have to则表示客观上的需要。 -Must we finish giving out the posters today? --Yes, we must. It can't be put off any longer. 2.对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。 肯定的推测一般用must,should,may (might)或can(could),其中,must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should的语气次之,意为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测;may(might),can(could)的语气最弱,意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。 否定推测分为两种情况:语气不很肯定时,常用may/might/could not,意为“可能不”、“也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用can't,意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。 一Look at the boy running on the ground.Is it Davis? ——It can’t be him.I saw him go to the teacher's office just now. 3. mustn’t和can’t can’t 意为“不可能”,是对一件事否定的猜测,是must的否定式; mustn’t 表示禁止,拒绝。 如:The boy can’t be Tom. Tom must be at home. 那个男孩不可能是汤姆,汤姆一定在家。 You mustn’t cross the road, when the red light on. 红灯亮的时候禁止过马路。 4.need可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用 1) 实义动词:need(需要, 要求) need + n. / to do sth 2) 情态动词:need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。例如: Need you go yet? 你要走了吗? Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的,我要走了/不,不急着走。 【语法过关】 1.— ______ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir? — No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon. A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must 2.—Could I go to the movie this weekend,Dad? 一Yes,you____.But you have to come back before nine.
A.shall B.must C.need D.can 3.You play with fire, Tom. It's dangerous. A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. wouldn't 4.As we know, fish ___die out of water. A. may B. is going to C. can D. will 5.— Shall I book some seats for the concert? —_____________. I’ve already done that. A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn’t C. No, you needn’t D. I’d rather not 6.—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. — No, she ________ be there. I've just seen her there. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't 7.You ______ worry about him. He will get well soon. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. may not 8.Schools _____allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A.would B.might C.should D.could 9.You ___ open the door before the train gets into the station. A. don't have to B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not 10.—I was told to be here before eight. —Oh ,you . I’m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan. A.must B.can’t C.may D.needn’t 11.—May I take this book out of the reading room? — .Please read it here. A.Certainly B.No, you needn’t C.No, you mustn’t 12.—Who’s that woman with Ann? —I’m not sure. It be her mother A, may B, can C , will D, must 13.—Must I get up early tomorrow? —No, ________. A. you mustn’t B. I don’t think you have to C. you can’t D. you need 14.—The room is so dirty. ________ we clean it? —Of course. A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall 15. You look tired.You'd better ____a good sleep. A.have B.having C.had D.to have 三、Consolidation 1、完成课本中的目标练习题。 2、三到五分钟的时间总结所学的知识。 四、Homework 1、背诵所学知识点和单词、词组。 2、复习本次课所学的知识。 教学反馈: 教学反思: