专题12 特殊句式
考纲展示 命题探究
考点一 强调句
基础点
1 强调句型
(1)强调句型的陈述句形式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that，被强调部分是“事物”时用that。
It_is I who/that am right.(强调主语)
It_was him that/who we met at the school gate.(强调宾语) It_was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(强调状语)
特别提醒
(1)在强调句型中，要用that作连接词，而不能用which或其他词，且不能省略。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。
(2)强调主语时，要注意引导词与其谓语的一致性。
It_is our teacher who/that_helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。 (3)当被强调部分是主语且为代词时，要用主格形式。
It_was_I_who_put_forward the theory first. 是我最先提出这个理论的。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。 Was_it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗 Is_it Professor Wang who teaches you English教你们英语的是王教授吗 (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分。 Who_was_it_that broke the window打破窗户的是谁
When_was_it_that you called me yesterday你昨天给我打电话是什么时候
特别提醒
如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 He asked me who_it_was_that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。 (4)not...until...结构的强调句型。
其强调句式为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。
He didn't go to bed until ten o'clock. →It_was_not_until ten o'clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他才上床睡觉。
2 强调谓语动词
强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。 Do come this evening.今天晚上一定要来啊。
He did write to you last week.上周他的确给你写信了。 Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆的确学习很努力。
重难点
强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别 (1)与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别
It_is true that they are going to the Great Wall next month.他们下个月准备去参观长城，这是真的。 It_is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.他们准备去参观的地方是长城。
第一个句子是一个主从复合句，其中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，that没有任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分。第二个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语the Great Wall, it is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。
(2)与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别
It_is a question that needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。 It_is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.威廉姆斯小姐喜欢读的是小说。
第一个句子是一个主从复合句，其中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词question, that在从句中作主语；it在句中作主语。第二个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语novels，it is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。
(3)与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别 ①与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when...”的区别
“It is/was＋时间名词＋when...”句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。时间名词前无介词。试比较：
It_was 6 o'clock when I got up today.今天我起床时已经6点了。 It_was at 6 o'clock that I got up today.今天我是6点起的床。
第一句是主从复合句，it指时间，when引导时间状语从句。第二句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 6 o'clock, it和that无实际意义。
②与“It is/was＋时间段＋since...”的区别
“It is/was＋时间段＋since...”句型中，since引导时间状语从句。若since和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……不做某事已有……时间了”；若since和短暂性动词连用，该句型的意思是“……做某事已有……时间了”。since引导的从句常用一般过去时。试比较：
It_is two years since I taught English.我不教英语两年了。
It_is two years since I began to teach English.我教英语已经两年了。
It_is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花两个小时学英语。
前两个句子是“It is＋时间段＋since...”句型，since引导时间状语从句。第三个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语two hours。
③与“It was＋时间段＋before...”的区别
“It was＋时间段＋before...”句型中，it指时间，before引导时间状语从句。试比较： It_was two years before he came back from abroad.过了两年他才回国。 It_was two years later that he came back from abroad.他是两年后回国的。
第一句中的it指时间，before引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调句，强调的是时间状语two years later。
[考法综述] 强调句型，尤其是连接词的考查在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中会涉及，近五年考查了12
次。
命题法 考查强调句型
典例1 Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century________his musical gift was fully recognized. [答案] that 句意：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。but之后是一个not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式，故用that。
典例2 It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
[答案] that 句意：到信尾的时候她才提到了她自己的计划。这是not...until强调句型，强调until引导的时间状语从句，一般结构为It was not until...that...。
【解题法】 强调句型的必备知识和一般解题思路
(1)首先要了解强调句型的基本结构，“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”以及一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和与not until连用中的连接词的考查。
(2)在语法填空中，考查连接词是不给提示词的，去掉it was及设空处后句子结构及意义仍完整，即可确定题干为强调句，设空处为强调句的连接词that/who。
(3)在短文改错中，主要考查强调句与相似的主从复合句的连接词的混用。
A．单句填空
1．It was when we were returning home_____ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 答案 that [句意：当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。when we were returning home 是一个when引导的时间状语从句，对应的主句是后面整个句子，去掉“It was”和空处，句子成立，说明该句是个强调句型，故填that。]
2．It was in this lake________ they found the long lost sword of the Ming Dynasty.
答案 that [根据句意可知，此句强调的是地点状语，考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其它。故填that。]
3．It was the culture, rather than the language，________made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. 答案 that [句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。根据分析可知本句为强调句。去掉It was和空格，题干可以还原为：The culture, rather than the language made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.，故填that。]
4．It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do________makes life happy.
答案 that [句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能让人生幸福。本题考查强调句，故填that。not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do为被强调部分。]
5．Was it because Jack came late for school________Mr Smith got angry
答案 that [句意：史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到吗It is/was... that...是强调句型，故填that。本题强调的是原因状语从句。还原为普通句式为：Mr Smith got angry because Jack came late for school.。]
B．单句改错
1．It was only after he had read the papers when Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to 答案 when→that [去掉It was和when后剩下的句子结构和意义仍然完整，为强调句型，故用that。] 2．It was not until near the end of the letter where she mentioned her own
答案 where→that [去掉It was和where后剩下的句子结构和意义仍然完整，为强调句型，故用that。] 3．It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was
_答案 who→that [去掉It was和who后，剩下的句子结构和意义仍然完整，强调介词短语，故用that。] 4．It was not until I came here before I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its 答案 before→that [去掉It was和before仍然是一个句子结构和意义完整的句子，为强调句，故用that。]
高考英语总复习之特殊句式
