历年考研英语专项复习
A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
选A。在动词feel之后的宾语补足语可以用不定式或者分词，如用不定式时要省略to。因为grow cold与herself的关系是主动的，所以不能用过去分词，所以只有A项符合题意。
There is nothing more I can try ____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
选D。其实本题考的是非谓语动词作定语，所修饰的词是不定代词nothing。因为一般习惯用不定式修饰不定代词，所以只有D项正确。
语法讲座：反意疑问句和倒装句
一、反意疑问句(disjunctive questions/ tag questions)
1．前一句是肯定句，后面要用否定问句；前面是否定句，包括句子里带有否定意义的词如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few, little, no, nothing, none 等，后面要用肯定问句。 eg. He has made few friends in his class, has he? You seldom meet with this kind of matter, do you? She said nothing at the meeting, did she? 但是要注意，impossible, dissatisfy, uncomfortable这类词不是否定词。 eg. He is impossible to finish the work by himself, isn’t he? The result of the maths exam dissatisfied you, didn’t it? You failed to pass the test, didn’t you? 2．前后的人称要一致，但后面的问句中只能用代词，不能用名词。如果前面的主语是everything, anything, something，nothing那么在问句中用it作主语；如果前面是everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, those, all(指人)等词作主语，那么后面问句可以用he或者they作主语，现在用they更加普遍。 eg. Everything is ready, isn’t it? Nothing can prevent him from working, can it? Everyone in the village knew the man, didn’t they/ he? 如果是there be的句型，那么后面的问句就用引导词there。 eg. There are many people in the meeting room, aren’t there? 3．前后的动词要一致，但后面的问句只用作用词的缩略形式。 eg. Linda feels better today, doesn’t she? He cannot walk, can he? 注1：have如果解为?有?，那么后面问句中可以用have，也可以用do。have如果与其他动词组成一些词组，如have a meeting, have lunch, have to等，后面问句多用do。如果have是作为助动词构成完成时态，后面问句就用have。 eg. He has no brothers, has/ does he? Most of the students have lunch at school, don’t they? You have been to many places, haven’t you? 注2：当must作为?猜测?的用法时，后面的问句中往往不用must，而是跟must后面的动词。 eg. He must be a teacher, isn’t he? It must have rained last night, didn’t it?
Tom must have finished his homework now, hasn’t he? 4．带有从句的复合句，反意疑问句一般跟主句。
eg. He could run very fast when he was young, couldn’t he? Mary was late because her father was ill, wasn’t she? The man who helped us yesterday is the manager of the company, isn’t he? You didn’t expect that we would win, did you? 注：如果是I think, I expect, I believe 等加上宾语从句的句子，后面的问句就要跟从句一致。否则就不合逻辑了。
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历年考研英语专项复习
eg. I don’t think he’ll appear this time, will he? 5．祈使句后的反意疑问句，后面的动词用will,，也可以用would, could, 或can。如果是肯定的祈使句，后面的问句可以用肯定，也可以用否定；如果是否定的祈使句，则多用肯定的问句。 eg. Come with us, will/ won’t you? Don’t be late, will you? 以let’s开头的祈使句，后面的问句用shall we，在口语中也可以用OK。以let us/ me/ him/ them开头的祈使句,后面的问句用will you。
eg. Let’s go, shall we/ OK? Let me have a look, will you? 二、倒装句 (Inversion)
我们在本节中，只讨论狭义的倒装结构，也就是只讨论句子的主谓部分倒装。 1．全部倒装和部分倒装 (Full Inversion and Partial Inversion)
倒装分成全部倒装与部分倒装两种。全部倒装时，我们直接把所有的谓语动词都搬到主语之前；部分倒装的时候，句子的主谓结构类似一般疑问句的主谓结构，经常是动词的一部分在主语之前，剩余部分还在主语之后。
比如在句子Tom stands in front of the blackboard中，主语是Tom，谓语是stands，所以当主谓语全部倒装时，主语和谓语的语序是stands Tom；部分倒装时，主语和谓语的语序就是does Tom stand。再比如在句子David is sitting over there中，主语是David，谓语动词是is sitting，那么全部倒装时，主语和谓语就是is sitting David这样的语序；部分倒装时，主语和谓语的语序就是is David sitting。
想一想，如果句子是Tom is a good singer呢？如果句子是Peter was very excited呢？这样的句子，它们的全部倒装和部分倒装形式又是什么样子的？
从上面的例子可以看出，当谓语动词是is, am, are, was, were时，全部倒装与部分倒装的形式重合了。 2．全部倒装 （Full Inversion）
全部倒装结构主要用于以下两种句型：
A)以here, there, now, then以及表示地方或方位移动的副词或介词短语开头的句子。 eg. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes today’s news. Down struck the hammer. In rushed the boy. On the top of the hill stands a temple built 400 years ago. Under the road run the pipes for gas and water. 注：在这一句型中，如果主语是代词，那么虽然句首还是同样的词或词组，主语和谓语并不倒装。 eg. In he rushed. Here it comes. B)当直接引语在前面时，主句的主谓部分可以倒装。 eg. ―Please go away,‖ said one child. ―Where do you come from?‖ asked the little girl. 但是这一句型中，也可以不用倒装结构。 2．部分倒装(Partial Inversion)
部分倒装结构用于以下几种句型：
A)以否定词如not, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, few, not only(... but also), hardly(... when), no sooner(... than), not until等开头的句子。
eg. Little did I dream that such a thing would happen. Never have they ever seen an animal like that. Rarely does such a thing happen in our district. In no circumstances will I allow you to go there. 语法，犹如血液之于人体
历年考研英语专项复习
Hardly had I got home than it began to rain. Scarcely had she left when the phone rang again. Not only are the students interested in the film, but also the teacher began to love it. Not until people lose their health do they realize its value. 注：not until引导的句子里，主句的主谓倒装。 B)以only开头的句子。
eg. Only on one point do I agree with you. Only when his mother came home did the boy begin to do his homework. 注：only引导的句子里，主句的主谓倒装。 C)以so加上形容词或副词开头的句子。
eg. So busy is he that he has no time to read newspapers. So fast did he run that I could not keep up with him. D)以so, neither, nor + V. + S.的句型，表示?另一个也（不）如此?。 eg. Mary spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did Jane. It is hot today. So was yesterday. The geography books haven’t arrived. Neither have the history books. He can’t remember the new telephone number. Nor can I. 注：有时以so开头的句子不用倒装形式，这是这个句子的意思是?的确如此?，只是表示完全同意前面一句话。 eg. ―You forgot to bring the textbook with you!‖ ―Good heavens! So I did.‖ ―Bill is the cleverest in our class.‖ ―So he is. E)以一些副词或词组如often, always, many a time, well, thus等开头的句子。 eg. Often do I see the man in the supermarket. Well do I remember my first day at school. Thus was the emperor cheated. F)句型 ―Gone are the days when...‖ eg. Gone are the days when I was young.
*G)虚拟条件句中，把were, had, should放在句首，省略连词if.。 eg. Were I in your place, I would accept the job. Had I known it then, I would not have done it.
Should it be Sunday tomorrow, I would go with you.
考研真题试析：
So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. A.I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
选D。本句考倒装结构。在so + 形容词或副词这一短语出现在句首时，要用部分倒装结构。同时在做选择时，还要注意句子的时态，因为后面用的是过去时态I determined ，所以就不能选B（现在完成时态）。
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ____? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
选C。这是一句反意疑问句，所提出的疑问决不可能是针对?我是否这样设想的？?，而一定是?有没有人自愿？?。所以选项就只能集中到C、D，而像suppose，think，believe之类的动词后面带宾语从句时，一般把从句的否定结构提前。所以本句的答案选C。
Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ____? A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she
选D。本句考反意疑问句。在主从复合句中，一般反意疑问句的疑问部分根据主语来提出，除非是由?I
语法，犹如血液之于人体
历年考研英语专项复习
believe/think/suppose......?开始的句子，才要就宾语从句中的内容提问。这是因为逻辑上是决不可能提出?我是否这样想/相信/设想的？?这种愚蠢的问题的。本句并不在这个例外的范畴之中，所以选D。
―You forgot your purse when you went out.‖ ―Good heavens, ____.‖ A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
选B。本句考的是so的用法。以so开头有两种句型，一种是?so + 动词 + 主语?的倒装语序，另一种是?so + 主语 + 动词?的正常语序，两种句型表达的意思是不同的。倒装语序的句型表示?（另一个人）也如此/也一样?，前后两个短句中的主语一般是不一样的。而正常语序的句型只表示赞同前一句的意思，没有任何新的含义。因此，本句选B就是因为前一句讲的是?你昨天出去的时候忘记拿你的钱包了。?第二句要表达的是?天哪，我真的忘记了。? 所以只能用正常语序的句型。
Only when your identity has been checked， ____. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
选D。本题考倒装结构。only放在句首，主句必须用部分倒装结构。另外，根据意思，还要考虑到you与allow in是动宾关系，所以用被动形式。
Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ____? A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
选A。这题考反意疑问句。反意疑问句在一般情况下，应该跟主句的主谓语相一致。本句的主语是Bill’s aim，所以应该选A而非C。
____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
选B。本题考倒装结构。当not only出现在句首时，我们要用部分倒装结构，所以选B。
There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ____? A. didn’t they B. don’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
选D。本题考反意疑问句。因为前半句中的must have gone是一种猜测的用法，所以在反意疑问时，不用情态动词must，而要用当作真实的动作来问。must have done可以是对过去动作的一种猜测，也可以是对一个完成的动作的猜测。根据上下文可以看出，这里是对完成时态的猜测，前面一句用的是?There is no light...?，所以选D。
. On top of the books ____ the photo album you’re looking for. A. is B. are C. has D. have
选A。本题考倒装结构。当介词短语放在句首时，我们要用全部倒装结构，并根据上下文，可以知道全句的意思为?你正在找的照相本在那些书的上面。?主语是单数，所以选is。
There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ____? A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it
选A。本题考反意疑问句。反意疑问句一般跟主句的主谓一致。因为本句的主句是there be结构，所以反意疑问句就跟there be一致，因此选A。
Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A. has this city been B. this city has been C.was this city D. this city was
选A。本题考倒装结构。否定词放在句首，应该选用部分倒装结构，而且?从来也不?应该是现在完成时态。
语法，犹如血液之于人体
历年考研英语专项复习
Just in front of our house ____ with a history of 1,000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
选B。本题考倒装句。因为句子是以介词短语开头，主语是名词，所以我们要用全部倒装结构。所以只有B是正确的。
―How was the televised debate last night?‖ ―Super! Rarely ____ so much media attention.‖ A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
选B。因为句首是否定词的时候，我们要用部分倒装结构，所以B是正确答案。
语法讲座：连词和状语从句 一、连词 1．并列连词
用来连接两个并列成分（词、短语或句子）的连词是并列连词。
A)表示对等关系的连词主要有and, both...and..., not only...but also..., not only... but ......as well, nor, neither, neither... nor..., not... or...。
eg. The policeman blew his whistle and the car stopped.
Turn the handle to the right and the box will open. (= If ......) I have not said that before, nor will I ever say so in the future.
B)表示转折关系的连词主要有but, however, neverthe less, (and) yet, (but) still, while。 eg. I enjoy crime stories, but it doesn’t mean that I will commit a crime myself. Tim was very tired, however, he kept on working. It may rain, nevertheless, we will start on our trip.
There seems little chance for him, but still he doesn’t want to give up. C)表示选择关系的连词主要有or, either... or..., whether... or..., otherwise。 eg. Either you leave the house, or I’ll call the police.
Hurry up, or/otherwise, you’ll miss the train. (= Unless......) D)表示因果关系的连词主要有for, so, therefore。
eg. It must be very cold outside, for the river is frozen over.
I was absent minded, so I didn’t hear the teacher’s instruction.
The old woman expected her son would come back, therefore, she left the door unlocked. 2．从属连词
从属连词可以引导各种从句，它们的功能就是把主句和从句连接在一起，但是在学习的时候千万要注意，与汉语有所不同，英语中主句和从句之间，一般只要用一个连词就可以了，这就是为什么我们在英语中?因为?，就不好再用?所以?，用了?虽然?就不好再用?但是?的道理。当然有些原本是由两个部分构成的连词不包括在内，如：both... and...；not only..., but also... ；hardly... when...等
很多从属连词还有自己的意思。所以在学习从句的时候，掌握连词的正确使用是十分重要的。因为我们下面会分别讨论各种从句，所以从属连词的内容就放到各种从句中再详细讨论学习。 二、状语从句 1．时间状语从句
A)常用连词：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, once, hardly...when, no sooner... than, by the time, each time, every time, the moment, the first time等。 eg. Phone me whenever you meet with problems. As days went by, it was getting colder and colder. 语法，犹如血液之于人体
历年考研英语语法完全版归纳
