历年考研英语专项复习
此外，还要注意，当特殊疑问句问的主语时，句子的词序就是陈述句的词序，如?Who helped you at that time???What happened to him later???What’s the matter with you???What’s wrong with the computer??，所以这些句子如充当名词性从句时，词序就不用再变了。
eg. I don’t know what’s wrong with the computer. 二、主语从句
eg. That she will go with us is certain.
Whether he’s coming doesn’t matter too much. Who will do the work makes no difference. Is what he said really true?
It’s very clear that we’ll win this time. 1．连接主语从句的连词that一般不能省略。
2．一般只能用whether，而不用if连接主语从句。
3．主语从句经常可以用it当形式主语，而把从句放到后面。
4．用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句，与who, what, which引导的从句的比较。
一般来讲，用who, what, which引导的主语从句中的who, what, which可以看作是原来特殊疑问句的疑问词，而whoever, whatever, whichever则不同，从句并不带疑问意义。试比较下面的例句： a) Who has been chosen this time is still not clear. Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine..
b) What caused the extinction of the dinosaur greatly puzzled the zoologists. Whatever has been decided today must be kept secret.
c) Which of the products is the best is quite obvious after the test. Whichever of them comes in first will receive a prize.
请注意区分用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的名词性从句和状语从句，因为引导名词性从句的whoever, whatever, whichever，不能用no matter who, no matter what, no matter which来替换。 cf. Whatever happened to them will never happen to us again.（主语从句） Whatever happens to him, he will keep on working.（状语从句） 三、表语从句
eg. The trouble is that I have forgotten her telephone number. The question is whether it is worth doing. That is what I am worrying about. 1．连接表语从句的连词that一般不省略。
2．一般只能用whether，而不用if连接表语从句。 3．表语从句有时也可以用as if, 或because引导。 eg. The girl looks as if she is going to cry.
This is because everything that is worth doing is worth doing well.
注意，用because 引导表语从句，句子的注意一般是it, this, that等，如果用The reason作主语，那么后面的表语从句只能用that引导。
eg. The reason why he is absent today is that he is ill. 四、宾语从句
eg. They pretended that they knew how to weave the wonderful material. I don’t know whether/ if he will attend the meeting. Please tell me where you bought this reference book. 1．连接宾语从句的连词that常省略。
2．可以用whether，也可以用if引导原本是一般疑问句的从句。但如果后面有or...或者or not，还是选用whether。 3．如果宾语从句后面还有宾语补足语，经常要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放到补语的后面。
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历年考研英语专项复习
eg. All his friends thought it strange that he should be absent from the opening ceremony. We have made it a rule that we’ll clean our rooms every Saturday morning.
4．如果主句动词是过去时态，那么宾语从句中的时态要作相应的变化，特别是在间接引语中，除非从句中的内容是?真理?，那就不用变化，保持现在时态。
cf. He always thinks it is his duty to keep the house clean. He thought it was his duty to keep the house clean. The teacher told us that water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen. 5．主句动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等的时候，宾语从句中的否定要转移到主句的动词上来。 eg. 我认为他不会来了。 I don’t think he will come.
他的教练相信这次他不可能赢了。His coach didn’t believe that he could win this time.
*又：I think, I believe, I suppose等后加了宾语从句的复合句要改成反意疑问句时，后边的反意疑问句就要与从句中的内容保持一致，而非?don’t I?? eg. I think he will win, won’t he?
I don’t suppose she will be happy, will she?
6．宾语从句也能用whoever, whatever, whichever引导，但是这些连词不能用no matter who等来替换。 eg. Give it to whoever wants it.
I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.
Just buy whichever is cheapest in the supermarket.
whoever, whatever和whichever引导的宾语从句与who, what, which引导的宾语从句的主要区别与主语从句中的情况相同。
cf. A) I don’t know who has won the prize.
The prize will be given to whoever wins the competition. B) I’m not quite sure what he wants to know. One should stick to whatever one has begun. C) I can’t tell which is better between the two. You can take whichever you like.
*7．如果是suggest, order, insist, demand, request, advise, require, propose等动词引出的宾语从句，那么从句中的动词要用should +动词原形，should可以省略。
eg. The engineer suggested that the electronic device (should) be tested at once. He insisted that nothing (should) start till he arrived. 五、同位语从句
eg. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. He came to the decision that he must act at once.
I still have my doubt whether the business will do well. No one can answer the question who first began to use fire. 1．同位语从句经常跟在fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear, question, problem等名词之后，用来表明具体的内容。 2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
cf. A) The information that the film star is seriously ill is not reliable.（同位语从句） The information that you got from the internet is not reliable. （定语从句） B) The news that she told me is too good to believe. （定语从句）
The news that I have been admitted into the university is too good to believe. (同位语从句) *3．在suggestion, order, proposal, request, requirement等名词后面的同位语从句中的动词，要用should +动词原形，或省略should直接用动词原形。
eg. He gave order that the work (should) be started at once.
They rejected my suggestion that we (should) hire an advertising company.
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历年考研英语专项复习
考研真题试析：
Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as
选B。本题考连词。事实上that后面所引导的是一个同位语从句，是句首名词information的同位语，讲述了information的具体内容。一般同位语从句的位臵是在名词之后，但在本句中，因为句子的主语部分太长，而谓语部分又较短，为了句子的平衡，就把同位语从句放到最后了。
There’s a feeling in me ____ we’ll never know what a UFO is—not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what
选A。that是连词，引导同位语从句，是名词feeling的同位语，说明feeling的内容。that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。
____ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
选A。本题考动词suggest所跟的宾语从句。我们都知道，在suggest后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should +动词原形（should可以省略）。本句suggest后面宾语从句中谓语动词中的should被省略了。此外，本句无需再用连词，因为当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，疑问词本身就是连词。
Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why
选A。本句中的what引导表语从句，并在从句中作takes的宾语，而其他三个选项都不能作从句中takes的宾语。
It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how
选C。本题考主语从句的连词。这是一个用what引导的主语从句，what在从句中还担当主语。而其他三个选项虽然都可以引导主语从句，但都不能充当主语。所以选C。
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 选A。本题考了两个语言点，一是同位语从句，二是need一词的用法。第一空格用that引导的从句，作名词problem的同位语，说明到底是什么问题（即?路况需要改善这个问题?）。而need作为实义动词，可以跟不定式或动名词作宾语（虽然用法略有不同）。仅就第二格而言， to be improved和improving都是正确的。
After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how
选B。本题考名词性从句。由what引导的是主语从句，what是连词，同时还充当从句中谓语动词desire to do的宾语。其他选项都不能担任宾语成分。
A story goes ____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
选D。本题考同位语从句。因为本句的主语部分太长，而谓语部分又太短，所以同位语就放到了句子的后面。that引导的从句作a story的同位语，说明故事的内容。
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历年考研英语专项复习
____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
选C。本题考主语从句。在此句中，it是形式主语，真实主语是that引导的主语从句。而?不告诉别人你的电子账户的密码?与require是动宾关系，所以用C。
One advantage of playing the guitar is ____ it can give you a great deal of pleasure. A. how B. why C. that D. when
选C。本题考系动词is后的表语从句。因为从句的句意完整，所以并不用其他连词，只用that就可以了。
He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ____ his teammates had done. A. what B. which C. why D. while
选A。连词what引导的是宾语从句，同时还充当从句动词had done的宾语。
____ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers. A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where
选B。本题考主语从句。What是连接主语从句的连词，同时还充当从句动词referred to的宾语。整个句子的意思是：他在文章中所指的东西，一般的读者是不知道的。?
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is ―programmed‖ to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that
选D。that引导的是表语从句，因为根据上下文判断，这个表语从句应该原本是一个陈述句，而非疑问句，所以只有用that连接。
语法讲座：定语从句
一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词
1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是?先行?的词。
eg. The lovely girl often helps the old lady. She lives next door to our school. →The lovely girl who lives next door to our school often helps the old lady. →The lovely girl often helps the old lady who lives next door to our school.
The lovely girl often helps the old lady. You met her at school yesterday. →The lovely girl (whom)you met at school yesterday often helps the old lady. →The lovely girl often helps the old lady (whom) you met at school yesterday.
2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。 eg. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting. ← The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday.
I have visited the house where Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New Clothes.
←I have visited the house. Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New Clothes in the house. 二、关系代词
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历年考研英语专项复习
1．who的先行词是?人?，在从句中代替主语。
eg. The student who studies very hard come from Tibet. Do you know the man who is talking with our headmaster? Those who want to see the film star are waiting patiently at the gate.
注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。who的单复数由先行词决定。但是要注意?one of +先行词?与?the only one of+先行词?的情况。
eg. Tom是我们班喜欢打篮球的男生之一。
Tom is one of the boys in our class who like to play basketball. Jane是我们班唯一喜欢打篮球的女生。
Jane is the only one of the girl in our class who likes to play basketball. 2．whom的先行词是?人?，在从句中代替宾语。
eg. The friend whom we met in the library can help you with the problem. The professor whom you will see later comes from the United Kingdom. Do you remember the man whom we worked with together last year? whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。
eg. Do you remember the man with whom we worked together last year? 3．which的先行词是?物?，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。 eg. He owns a store which opens 24 hours. I am looking for some books which deal with the customs in South Africa. Jacky acts the hero in the film which we saw yesterday. Can I have a look at the book which you borrowed this morning? Have you seen the pen in the museum with which the president signed the peace treaty? which代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。 which代替主语时，它的单复数由先行词决定。
which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。 eg. The bamboo stems are hollow, which makes them very light. Jenny was late again, which makes her teacher very angry. 4．that的先行词可以是?人?，也可以是?物?，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。 eg. The cut the trees that blocked the view. Who is the man that just left from the meeting room? The dress that Jessie bought for me suits me perfectly. that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。 that不能用在介词之后。 在一些特定的先行词，如：1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all, every, little, any, much, the very等词所修饰；2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰；3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指?人?和?物?的情况下，一般多用that。
eg. Is there anything that I can do here? This is the very present that I am looking forward to. This is the hottest summer that we have had in thirty years. The second book that he wrote was not as popular as the first one. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited in Britain. 5．whose的先行词可以是?人?，也可以是?物?，在从句中代替定语。
eg. The student whose pronunciation is the best in our class has entered for the competition. ←The student has entered for the competition. His pronunciation is the best in our class. She mentioned a book whose title has slipped my memory. 语法，犹如血液之于人体
历年考研英语语法完全版归纳
