英国历史大事件年表
古代英国
-55BC Early settlement
750BC Celts began to come to setttle in the British Isles 55BC Early settlement 55BC-410 Roman Occupation
54BC Julius Caesar invaded Britain
43BC Roman Emperor Claudius sent Roman Legions to Britain and conquered England
410 AD Romen Legions were withdraw from Britain 410~871 Anglo-Saxon Times:beginning of Feudalism 8th~1066 Vikings SAXON RULERS
829 Egbert ruled England
871 King Alfred fought against the Danish11 DANISH RULERS
1016 Danish King Canute conquered England , and became king of England
SAXON RULERS
1066 Harold became king, and was killled at Hastings. The Battle of Hastings .Duke of Normany ,William conquered England and was crowned on Christmas Day,as king William Ⅰ.
HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET
1154 Henry Ⅱ began the House of Angou KINGS OF ENGLAND AND LORDS OF IRELAND
1170 Henry Ⅱ four knights to kill the Archbishop of Canterbury
Thomas Becket
1198 Richard Ⅰ.joined the third crursade 1215 King John signed the Magna Carte
1265 Simon de Montfort summoned the first parliament 1282 Edward Ⅰconquered Wales
1295 Edward Ⅰsummoned “Model Parliament” 1296 Edward Ⅰ invaded Scotland 1337~1453 The Hundred Years’war 1348 The Black Death struck England 1381 Wat Tyler Uprising
HOUSE OF LANCASTER
1399 Henry Ⅳ began the House of Lancaster 1455-1485 the wars of the Roses
HOUSE OF YORK
1461 Edward Ⅳ began the house of York
近代英国
HOUSE OF TUDOR
1485 Henry Ⅶ began the house of Tudor 1509 Henry Ⅶ came to the throne 1516 Thomas More published Utopia
1534 Henry Ⅷ passed the “Act of Supremacy” KINGS(QUEENS) OF ENDLAND AND IRELAND 1558 Elizabeth Ⅰwas crowned
1587 Elizabeth Ⅰ ordered Mary Queen of Scots to sentenced to death
1588 England defeated Spain’s Armada 1600 The East India Company was set up
KINGS(QUEENS) OF ENGLAND ,SCOTLAND AND IRELAND HOUSE OF STAUART
1603 James Ⅰbegan the house of stuart 1629 Charles agreed to sign the Petition of Right
1642 King Charles sent soldiers to arrest the Parliament leaders and
Points” the League of divided with France the control over German-held territory in Aferica and the Near East
1924 Ramsay Macponald led the first Labour Party government
KINGS(QUEENS)OF UNITED KINGDOM OF GREATBRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
1929 NY stock Market crashed, beginning the Great Depression 1932 Britain enacted protective tariffs and ceased payment on war
debts to US
1935 Baldwin replaced MacDonald as Prime Minister 1936 George VI came to throne,
social problems faded with the emergence of Nazism
1937 Baldwin resigened to be succeeded as rime Minister by Neille
Chamberlain
1939 On September 3th Chamberlain broadcast to the nation that
Britain was in the Second World War
1940 Winston Churchil formed a coalition government
1941 the pearl Habor Event-us joined withBritain against Japan
German troops weakened after failure in invading Russia-The Battle of Stalingrad
1944 The Allied Forces landed in Normandy
1945 In the end of the Second World War, Germany and Japan subsequently surrender.
1947 India and Pakistan gain independence from Britain.
1949 NATO,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ,was estiblished.
And Brit in had declined to attend the Council of Europe. 1950：The Korean War broke out. Elizabeth ‖
1952 Princess Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth‖.
A four-day London “smog” raised the city’s death toll to three
times its normal.
1955 London passed its Clean Air Act.
Wartime hero Winston Churchill in ill health resigned.
1956 The Suez Crisis broke out.
1957 Treaty of Rome established the European Econormic Community.
1967 Britain was forced to devalue the pound in an attempt to check
inflation and improve the trade deficit.
1973 Britain became a full member of the European Community which
was still called the Common Market.
And joined the European Union Britain witnessed the first oil shock.
1979 Margaret Thatcher became the Prime Minister.
1981 Prince Charles married lady Diana Spencer. 1984 Mrs. Thatcher visited China.
1990 John Major took over thereigns of the Conserative Party as Prime Minister.
1993 Britain ratified the Maastricht Treaty. 1995 Major resigned as party leader in June.
1997 Diana Princess died in an autommobtle accident in Paris. HK was returned to Chinese sovereignty. Tony Blair became Prime Minister.
2001 Tony Blair was re-elected Prime Minister on June 8.
2003 Blair , with George Bush, led a coalition of military forces in an
attack on Iraq in March.
2005 Tony Blair won his third term as Prime Minister .
2006 An alleged airplane bomb plot threw whole Britain in chaos .
2007 There was a clash between UK and Iran .Naval forces of Iran’s . Revolutionary Cruards captured 15 Britain sailors. Tony Blair stepped down from office on June 27. Gordon Brown became Britain Prime Minister.
关键名词及解释
1. London
London is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world. 2. Robin Hood
Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions from the Normans, he became an outlaw and hid himself with his band of “merry men” in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor. 3. Anglo-Saxons
They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 4. King Arthur
It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 5. King Harold
He was the Saxon King whose army was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when William the Conqueror invaded England from France. 6. The Bill of Rights of 1689
In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament, The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. 7. The Constitution
Britain has no written Constitution. The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws passed by Parliame
nt; the common laws, which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions. 8. The functions of Parliament The functions of Parliament are: to pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. 9. The House of Lords
The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public. 10. The House of Commons
The House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected represent the interests of the people who vote for them. 10. The importance of general elections
General elections are very important in western democracy. According to the author, they provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders.
11. The formation of the government
651 members of parliament are elected in the general election representing 651 constituencies in the UK. The party which holds a majority of those “seats” in parliament forms the government, with its party leader as the Prime Minister. 12. The electoral campaigns
Before a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the public, The campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning, postal deliveries of leaflets and “party electoral broadcasts” on the television. The parties also try to attack and criticize the opponents’ policies, Therefore, these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical. 13. Ethnic relations in the UK
The coming of immigrants groups from other parts of the world has greatly enriched British culture. But ethnic relations are also sometimes tense: the local people view the newcomers as a threat to their way of living; and despite much official actions to minimize racism, both subtle and overt oppression remains. The immigrant population is not well-off economically. They face problems of unemployment, under-representation in politics and unfair treatment by police and by the justice system.
14. Comprehensive schools
Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Such schools admit children without reference to their aca
英国历史大事件年表
