Unit 1 The Roots of Chemistry
I. Comprehension. 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B
II. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets. 1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.
2. Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated. 3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet.
4. People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex.
5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death.
6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.
III. Translation.
1. (a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of
distillation
2. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so
on/and so forth/and otherwise.
3. Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in
chemistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.
4. According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that
liquids
can
turn/be/change
into
gases
under
certain
conditions/circumstance/environment.
5. You must know the properties of the material before you use it.
IV. Translation
化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。
V. Solution:
（1）The relative mass of 1H and 12C atoms can be calculated from their absolute masses in grams.
H1.6735?10?24??0.083986 12?23C1.9926?101If the mass of a 12C atom is exactly 12 amu,then the mass of a 1H atom to five significant figures must be amu. 12 amu x = amu （2）
First we calculate k and then use the first-order rate equation.
k?loglog0.693?1.21?10?4/yr5730yr?A?0kt??A?2.303?41.0001.21?10/yr?t0.4772.303?2.303??log2.09??6.1?103?6100yrt?1.21?10?4/yr
The bone was tossed away (more precisely, the animal whose bone was died) about 6100 years ago, or about 4100 . We can thus be sure that a village was in existence at that place at that time.
Unit 7 The Nomenclature of Inorganic Substances
I. Comprehension
II. Give the systematic name for the following
ammonium ion ; copper(II) ion ; strontium ion; Ccopper(I) ion; iron(II) ion; zinc ion; hydrogen ion; lead((II) ion; aluminum;
silver ion; magnesium ion; chromium(III) ion; Barium ; Manganese(II) ion; iron(III) ion; calcium ion; mercury(II) ion; chromium(II) ion; tin(II) ion.
carbon monoxide; ditrogen trioxide; carbon dioxide; diphosphorus pentoxide; sulfur trioxide; dichlorine heptoxide
arsenate ion; sulfite ion; hydride ion;
arsenite ion; bromide ion; hydroxide ion; phosphate ion; chlorate ion; hypochlorite ion; phosphate ion; chloride ion; iodate ion; carbonate ion; chlorite ion; nitrate ion; chromate ion; cyanide ion; iodide ion; dichromate ion; fluoride ion; nitrate ion; oxide ion; hydrogen carbonate ion; nitrite ion; sulfide ion; hydrogen sulfate ion; perchlorate ion; sulfate ion; hydrogen sulfite ion; permanganate ion.
III. Complete the table. Formula FeO Fe2O3 Sn(OH)2 Sn(OH)4 Hg2SO4 HgSO4 NaCLO K2Cr2O7 Cu3(AsO4)2 Cr(C2H3O2)3 Old name Systematic name iron (II) oxide iron (III) oxide tin(II) hydroxide tin(IV) hydroxide mercury (I) sulfate mercury (II) sulfate sodium hypochlorite potassium dichromate copper(II) arsenate chromium(IV) acetate IV. Acid names may be obtained directly from its acid ion by changing the name of the acid ion (negative ion). Use the rule to give the name of the following acid.
Formula of acid H2CO3 HClO2 HClO4 HCN HBr H4SiO4 H3AsO4 Old name Name of acid carbonic acid chlorous acid perchloric acid hydrocyanic acid hydrobromic acid silicic acid arsenic acid V. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the word given at the end of the sentence.
altered; illustrate expect cancel 6. are pulled on ; referred discussed VI. Translation
1. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed/eliminated.
2. It is necessary that a scientist must know how to use fingures to get an accutate answer to question.
3. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is solid, liquid or gas. 4. The experiment was successful. It’s results was the same as what we had expected.
5. It will not be long before we finish the experiment.
VII. Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Use the information in inorganic textbook to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products. (Partially Solved)
Solutin to (a): Cyanide is the conjugate base of HCN. It can accept a proton from formic acid:
应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)
