名词/ 代词+ 现在分词/ 过去分词 v-ing / v-ed
Eg :Weather permitting(独立主格做状语) we’ll go fishing tomorrow . If weather permits we’ll go fishing tomorrow (完整的条件状语从句) 名词+现在分词表达的是一个条件。
Weather 是主语，permitting 是谓语但不是主谓结构而是独立主格形式。 怎么判断独立主格
1、 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，他独立存在 Eg: All things considered we decided to give up . 2、 独立主格结构的名词或代词和紧随其后的分词构成的主谓关系，但不是主谓结构。 3、 独立主格结构和主句一般用逗号隔开，逗号连接的不可是完整的单句。 Eg: My bike ________，I have to go to school on foot . A . is being repaired B. being repaired C. has been repaired D. repaired
解析：Ａ和Ｃ可构成完整的句子，Ｂ和Ｄ在结构上均可，但Ｂ在句意上合理，故选择Ｂ．
名词／代词+adj / 副词/ 不定式to do / 介词 Eg: He came into the room ,his ears red with cold He 和his ears 主语不同 ，red 是形容词
He was leapt busy all day ,much work (主语) to do（动词不定式） . He ran out the room ,a knife in (介词)his hand . With+n. + 其他成分（表示伴随的独立主格）
Eg : He was brought to the court (法庭) ，with his hands tied behind his back . if / whether
as / like 像…一样
只能用whether 表示是否
① 在主语从句和表语从句中表示是否只能用whether . Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is not known (主语从句) The question is whether he is coming to my party.(表语从句)
② 谓语动词是discuss 或wonder时宾语从句表示是否只能用whether。 Eg: We are discussing whether he is coming to my party (作宾语) ③ 介词后面表示是否只能用whether .
They are talking about whether he is coming to my party . ④ 和or not 连用时只能用whether Whether …or not
Eg: I do not know if / whether he is coming to my party .
As的词性是连词，介词。连词，像…一样。介词，作为… Like 当动词讲是喜欢，当介词讲是像…一样 As 当连词讲像…一样，后接句子。 Like 当介词讲像…一样，后接名词。
Eg: Like father ,like son . 有其父必有其子。
▲ as 当连词讲，像…一样，除了接句子，还可以接介词结构，以及过去分词。 Eg: Like in large cities ,net bars also popular in small village .中把like换为as才正确。
As motioned in the last paragraph ,net bars should be banned . 中as 像…一样 As 之后接的是过去分词
Like当动词讲是喜欢 ，反义词是dislike 不喜欢 Unlike 是不像
Eg: Unlike her brother bill ,Mary was quite .
Likely , unlikely 中likely 是可能的，unlikely是不可能的。 Eg : He is unlikely to come to my party . Be likely to 很有可能的
二、定语从句
定语从句分为①限制性定语从句②非限制性定语从句。区分在于有无逗号隔开。 没有逗号隔开的叫限制性定语从句。 有逗号隔开的叫非限制性定语从句。 引导定语从句的词①关系代词②关系副词
关系代词分别是常用的关系代词和特殊关系代词。
常用的关系代词，5个。 Who , whom , whose , that , which 特殊关系代词， 5个。 As, than , but 关系副词 ， 3个， when , why , where Who , whom , whose
Who , whose 都指人，who 做主语， whom 作宾语。 Eg : Do you know the boy who is standing here ?
Do you know the boy whom they are talking about ?中whom 修饰名词作定语。 Eg: Do you know the boy whose father is VIP .中whose 修饰father The tree whose branches (树枝)are almost bare (光秃秃) is 500 years old. Whose 可以指人的所属关系，也可以指物的所属关系。 Which 只能指物不能指人，可以做主语也可以做宾语。
Eg: She is married to a foreigner ,which is known to everyone . 中的which 指前面的句子。 本句中的which 可以用as 替换
若放在句首时只能用as 不可用which
▲ _____is known to everyone ,she is married to a foreigner . (C) A It B That C As D Which
It is known to everyone that she is married to a foreigner.
Eg: The mother showed more love for the younger son ,which made others jealous (嫉妒)。 本句中which 不可被as 替换。
① which 引导非限制性定语从句指代前面的整个句子，如果定语从句的谓语是系动
词，那么可以用as 替代which ，并且可以放在句首，只能用as 不能用which ② 如果定语从句的谓语是行为动词，则不能用as 替代which，也不能放在句首 That 既可以指人也可以指物
▲ 必须用that时，指人时可用who, 指物时不可用which ① there be 句型中，定语从句只能用that引导 eg : Is there any thing that you want to tell me ? ② 当先行词为数量词或者表示含有数量的词，定语从句只能用that引导 Eg : All that you need is money . what = all that
The father offered him much money ,that he can spent at will. At will 随意 ③ 当先行词是不定代词的时候，必须用that引导定语从句
Something anything everything nothing Somebody anybody everybody nobody Someone anyone everyone none
④ 当先行词被形容词的最高级，序数词以及the only 或the very 修饰的时候，只能用
that 引导定语从句。
Eg: This is the film which / that I like . This is the most interesting that I like . ⑤ 当先行词既有人也有物，用that引导。 ▲ 不用that引导的情况 ① 非限制性定语从句
② 定语从句中介词提前情况下，绝对不能用that引导（考点） Eg: This is the movie which / that I am interested in . In this is the movie which I am interested In 提前到句首时不可用that
介词提前①根据定语从句后面的内容② 根据定语从句前面的内容
Eg : We need a monition in whom we have confidence 中的in 取决于confidence。 Living in the desert has its problems (of) which getting fresh water is the most serious . 中which指problems of 表示范围 As than but 重点as
The same as / the same that
Eg : She showed me the same book as (that ) the teacher showed me . 特殊的关系代词as , than , but
Eg: She showed me the same book as (that ) the teacher showed me . 本句中在结构上as 和that 都符合
用as 指一模一样的两本书，用that 指 同一本书 The same as 一模一样的两个东西 The same that 同一个东西
Eg: You must the same boy this morning as (that) I met yesterday . 中用that Than 用特殊关系代词是比较结构
Eg: He called his father and asked for (请求) more money than was needed. Was的主语是than .
Than 在定语从句，than was needed 作主语 But
Eg: There is no one but likes money .中like的主语是but，本句中but可以换为that…not… There is no tree in the world but bear fruit (结果)。 Bear ------born 出生 born原形是bear
关系副词引导定语从句 when , why , where ▲where 等同于in while why =for which When =on which
Eg: The days ________we lived/ spent in the village were unforgettable . 先行词为the days ① the days 是spent的宾语，所以所添加的词应代替the days 作宾语，应用关系代
词that/ which
② 若用lived时应用when ，live 是不及物动词后面没有宾语，句中缺状语，故用
when
Eg: The reason that / which he gave for his lateness was unacceptable . 先行词是The reason 定语从句的谓语是否及物。 The reason why he was late for work was unacceptable . 定语从句he was late for work 完整，句中缺原因状语
补充：The reason why …because (×) …的理由…因为 如果说The reason why …is because (×)
The reason why …is that …(√) …的理由…是因为 Order 秩序 out of order 乱七八糟 Order n. 命令 ，点菜
Place an order for sth 对…下订单 Reserve 订 book Decide against
Be on guard against 提防 against 反对
Eg: Some people are against falling love on campus . Against 做谓语须加are
After talking the matter over we decided against the plan . 虚拟语气
Eg: Is it advisable (明智的) that collage ,students are exposed (接触)to violence and sex movies?
If I were a millionaire ,I would give all my money to the poor . Be exposed to 被暴露于，接触
Ex pose 放 pose 放置 ex 外面
Compose 组成 co和com 意思相同是together 的意思 Composition 作文 impose 强加于 dispose 处理 三、虚拟语气
（一）非真实条件句中的虚拟 （二）从句中的虚拟
（一）非真实条件句中的虚拟
Eg: If you work hard (you will make it )真实条件句。 非真实条件虚拟语气和事实相反的。
1、 于现在相反的
结构if +主语+ v----ved (行为动词)/ be -----were 条件句 主语+would/ should / could / might +v. Eg: If I know his number ,I would call him.
Could 表示将来 ， should 表示应该 ， could 表示能够 might表示也许 Eg: If I were a millionaire I would give the money to the poor . 2、 与过去事实相反
If + 主语+ had ved (过去完成式)，主语+ would/ should / could / might+have ved (现在完成式)
Eg:If you had not helped me ,I could not have passed CET4. 3、 与将来事实相反
If +主语+ should v / were to v (to do ) + 主语+ would / should / could / might +v.
Eg: If it were to rain tomorrow ,we would not go to Beijing .(与将来事实相反)将来发
生的可能性很小 ▲ 三个变形
1、 非真实条件句可以省略if ,但必须把助动词或者系动词提前。 Eg: Were it to rain tomorrow ,we would not go to Beijing . 若无助动词或系动词时if 不可省略。 2、 含蓄虚拟语气
（常考） but for 要是…的话，要不是…的话 Or , otherwise , 否则
（常考）but for , （其次）otherwise
Eg : But for your help ,CET 4 I could not have passed . I did not know his number ,otherwise / or I would have called him . 3、混合虚拟语气就是指两个动作分别于两个不同时间的动作相反，做题时着重看时间状语。 Eg: If I had not caught you when you fell off the tree,you could not be laughing now(主语) . 从句中的虚拟 四种从句，五类动词 ， 10个形容词 ’adjective n. 意思是形容词 重音在前 Suggest 选取建议的意思
Eg: What you said suggested you did not love her . Suggest做表明讲时，不可用虚拟语气。
1、 eg: I suggest he stay at home tonight） . 主 谓 宾语从句 Suggest在本句中引导的宾语从句
I suggest he (should ) stay at home tonight.中 should 省略 2、eg:My suggest is he (should ) at home tonight . (表语从句) 省略should 的动词原形。
3、 eg: He accepted my suggestion he (should )stay at home tonight (同位语从句) 4、 It is suggested he (should ) stay at home tonight(主语从句) 宾语从句，表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句 五类动词和suggest具有共同的特点 ① 建设②命令③要求④推荐⑤坚持 ①建议 suggest , advice , propose
②命令 order , commend , direct v.(给指令) ③要求 require , demand , request , ask (请求) ④推荐 recommend ⑤坚持 insist
Direct v. 给指令
10个形容词 仅限于主语从句
① necessary ， important , essential , vital
② imperative 命令的祈使 advisable 明智的，可取的。 ③ strange 奇怪 odd 古怪的 ④ natural 自然 urgent 急迫的
eg: It is advisable that collage students be exposed to violence and sex movies. 特殊虚拟语气结构
1、wish 但愿 与现在事实相反 ved / were
与过去事实相反 had ved (过去完成式)
河北专接本英语词汇及重点
