Ou------/u:/ /u/ /?u/ /au/ /u:/----soup group /u/ ----could should /au/---- mouth
Mouths----读/θz/ clothes southern /?u/--soul shoulder
字母oo组合---- /u:/ /u/ /?/
Classroom---/u:/ book cook /u/ Flood blood ----/ ?/ 字母ai---------/ ei/ / i/
Ob’tain comp’lain mountain con’tain fountain exp’lain Ai的重读音节读/ ei/ 非重读音节读/i/
八个语法重点 一、非谓语动词 二、虚拟语气 三、定语从句 四、状语从句 五、主谓一致 六、倒装 七、情态动词 八、时态
在主语从句中表示是否只能用whether
Eg: Whether he is coming to my party is hot known . Do as I say .
Like 是介词 ，向…一样。 As 向…一样（连词） like 后不加句子 Tell it as it is . 实话实说。
Often中ten在一起不发音。同样的还有 listen 。
一、非谓语动词
（一） 动词不定式 to do 不定式有时态的变化 ，语态的变化
（二）动名词 doing
（三）分词 ：现在分词，过去分词 （一）动词不定式 1.、动词to 是符号
To do 的派生词to be doing (进行时)/to have ved （完成时） Eg: It is said that they are having English classes .
They(主语) are said（谓语） to be having English class.
It is said that Mr. smith has gone to USA . Mr. smith is said to have gone to USA .
Our handout is said to be being printed . 我们的讲义正在被印刷。 Our handout is said to have been printed . 我们的讲义被印刷完了。 2、不定式能做的句子成分 （1）作宾语(直接跟不定式)
Eg : decide , choose , want , plan , promise , determine , (决定) + to do Intend to do (打算) afford (买得起，负担的起) 关于attend , tend , intend 的对比 Attend 接宾语或名词 Tend to /intend to
Tend 趋向于，倾向于 intend 目的是 （2）作宾语补足语 Eg: ask sb to do
动词+ 疑问词+不定式
Eg: know .wonder , explain , learn
I do not know how (疑问词) to answer your question . I learned how to do it . I do not know what to say . (3)作补语
不定式作补语的特殊结构
▲ there to be 结构是there be 结构的不定式
eg: I did not expect there to be so many people there .
▲ For ( 目的) there to be （there be 句型不定式）no mistakes he cheeked it 。 I did expect there were so many people (×) (4) 主语/ 表语
Eg : To see(主语) is to believe（表语） . 英语中的特殊形式表语
英语中的系动词后的词是表语，等同于主谓宾=主系表
Eg: To learn English well in such a short period is difficult . (头重脚轻)需要借用形式主语it
It is difficult for us to learn English well in such a short period .加入for us 才非常完整 For us 是to learn 的逻辑主语
It is considerate (逻辑主语)of you to do me a favor . 用for 还是用of 取决于形容词
动词不定式可以带自己的逻辑主语，引导逻辑主语通常用介词for ；如果形容词是表示人的品行，品德或者特证的时候必须用of 引导逻辑主语。
Consider considerate 体贴的，考虑周到的
Considerable 相当大的，可观的（指数量） （5）作定语 …的
条件后置 ：动词不定式作名词 的宾语要后置
动词不定式作定语，如果动词是不及物动词，往往需要加一个介词。 Eg: While traveling you need to find a hotel to live in at night .修饰a hotel To live in a hotel 不能说 to live a hotel I need a pen to write with . She has got a chair to sit on . As a captain (船长) ，he is always the first one to come to the ship . 被修饰的成分有序数词时，只能用动词不定式作定语。 （6）作状语 表示目的。条件、元音
Eg: 目的状语 To go to USA he works hard at English ,To be a college teacher you must have doctor’s degree.
作状语的5 种形式 …too…to… Enough to
In order to / so as to ▲ so…as to … ▲ …only to … Holy girl 剩女
In order to 目的是，为了
若把目的放在句首只能用in order to 不可用so as to 若目的在句中，则in order to / so as to 均可
▲ …so …as to … 和so …that … 意思差不多。结果状语 So…that …后接句子
So…as to …如此以至于 as to 后接动词原形 Eg : She is so lovely that everyone likes her (句子). She is so lovely as to be liked by everyone . ▲…only to … 重点考察 only 出乎意料
Eg: He hurried to the airport only to find the plane had taken off. 用only to 表示出乎意料的结果和前面的初衷相反。 （二）、动名词 动词的名词形式 ving
Eg: Seeing is believing . 动名词可以做主语/ 表语。
动名词作宾语时较麻烦，动名词可以做动词的宾语还可以作介词的宾语 Eg: avoid 后必须用动名词doing 做宾语。
Eg: mind , avoid , enjoy , escape , appreciate , delay , postpone , consider 动名词可以做介词的宾语，动名词具有名词的特点。
Eg: I am interested in climbing mountains . 介词 in , on , of , after 好判断， to 不好判断。 ▲ to 加原形构成不定式是不定式符号
to 加名词/ 动名词时是介词 to 在固定的结构中作介词使用
eg： look forward to / be used to 习惯于，后接名词/ 动名词
Money is used to buy food . 被动语态 I am used to getting up early .
Used to 过去常常作 后+ 动词原形。To 是动词不定式符号。 Lead to 中to 是介词。导致产生引起
Prefer …to … 中的To 是介词。喜欢…胜过… Eg: I prefer coffee to tea .
Prefer to 后接动词原形，to 是不定式符号，宁愿做某事 Devote oneself to…献身于…
Object to 中的object 反对中的to 是介词+名词/ 动名词 UFO 中的U是 unidentified Ｆ是fly, O是object Identify v 动词词尾是Y读/ ai/ 名词词尾是Y读/ i/
Beautify / ai / technology / i/ satisfy / ai/ Eg: a sleeping baby 现在的分词
a sleeping car (卧铺车厢) 动名词
现在分词作定语，表示正在进行，可以用定语从句替换 动名词作定语表示用途或性质。
有些动词既可以跟动词不定式和动名词且意思一致。 Begin / start (不考)
有些动词既可以跟动词不定式和动名词意思略有不同，如 like Eg: I like smoking ,but I don’t like to smoke now .
Like doing 表示习惯。 Like to do 表示具体的动作 有些动词既可以跟动词不定式和动名词，但意思完全不同。 Stop , go on , remember , forget , regret , mean Stop doing 停下来现在做的事情
Stop to do 停下来现在做的事情去做别的事情 Regret doing 后悔做了某事 Regret to do 遗憾的去做某事 Remember doing 记得做过 Remember to do 记得去做 Try doing 试着做某事 Try to do 努力做某事
Go on doing 继续做原来的事 Go on to do 继续做另一件事 Mean doing 意味着
Mean to do 打算
Need , want , require 需要，都可以接动名词和不定式。 Eg : These flowers need watering / to be watered .
用动名词时 是主动表示被动，用不定式时是被动表被动。 Worth , worthy
Worth + v-ing (动名词) 主动表被动 Be worthy of + 动名词 主动表被动 Worthy to be done 主动表被动
Eg : He asked the students to work hard .
Identify 使役动词， let ,make , have , 让某人做…，使得
感官动词 see, hear , watch , smell , fell , 前3个常用，使役动词或感官动词作谓语后的不定式做宾补时，应当省略to .
Eg ; I saw the thief steal money in the shop .
如果使役动词和感官动词是被动语态必须要还原to 。 Have sb / sth do (省略to 的不定式) Doing (让某人一直…) Done
如果用省略to 的不定式，表示的是动作。如果用动名词doing 表示的是动作的持续，如果用过去分词作宾补，是让某人做某事，但不提出是谁做的，表示被动或完成。
Eg：He wants to do nothing but go out . He wants to believe nothing but to take the medicine . He has no choice but to wait .
有do没to，没do 有to ,(在but 后面加不加to ,取决于其前面的那个词，其中do 是do , does , did 表示实义动词则没哟to )
eg：Do you mind my (逻辑主语)smoking here ?
动名词的逻辑主语①形容词性物主代词或者所有格②人称代词的宾格③没有生命的词用普遍格。（原形=普通格）
Eg: the hope of the team （逻辑主语原形）winning the game 赢得比赛的希望
The noise of desks(逻辑主语) being opened and closed could be heard in the distance . 动名词+逻辑主语
Eg: The girls being educated in such a good school.主语相当于一个完整的句子，is 有些结构中必须用动名词
I have difficulty / trouble in doing 有可能省略in 没有in 也用doing ②have a good / hard time (in )doing
③It is no good / point(意义) / use（有用） / sense（意义） (in) doing sth Eg: It is no point asking him for help ,because he is selfish . ④There is no good / point / use / sense / (in )doing sth (三) 分词
a developing country 发展中国家 表示正在进行 a developed country 发达国家 表示已经完成 现在分词表示现在进行，过去分词表示已经完成 a touching film
the touched audience
现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动
Eg: Seen from the hill top ,the village was make smaller . 用ing 还是用ed 取决于主语。
Seeing from the hill top ,we find the village was make smaller . Have sb doing 让某人一直做某事
Have sb done 分词作宾语的补足语
▲ eg: Having not heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him,(×) 非谓语动词的否定形式，否定词要放在非谓语动词之前。
No having heard from his son for a long time ,the father want to see him.(√) 独立主格结构
▲ 独立主格结构的基本形式
河北专接本英语词汇及重点
