第九章 醇和酚
1. 命名下列化合物:
(1)2-乙基-1-己醇 (2)3-甲基-2-丁烯醇 (3)溴代对苯二酚 (4)5-氯-7-溴-2-萘酚 (5)(3R,4R)-4-甲基-5-苯基-1-戊烯-3-醇
2. 完成下列反应式:
Cl(1)Cl(2)CH3(3)CH2OH
HOCH2CH3(4)(5)OH(6)CH3OOCH3
CH3HBrHICH2CH3CH3HHCH2CH3(7)IBr(8)CCOOCH3OCH3
3. 用化学方法将下列混合物分离成单一组分。
OH(1)OHNaOHH2O水层H+苯酚油层环己醇
OHO2NNO2水层(2)O2NNO2CH3NO2NaHCO3H2OH+
2,4,6-三硝基苯酚油层2,4,6-三硝基甲苯NO2
4. 用简单的化学方法鉴别下列化合物。
先用FeCl3检验出苯酚,用Na检出溴苯,然后用Lucas试剂检验出伯、仲、叔醇。 5. 按与氢溴酸反应的活性顺序排列以下化合物。 (6)>(4)>(1)>(3)>(5)>(2) 6. 按亲核性强弱排列下列负离子:
(1)>(4)>(3)>(2)>(6)>(5)>(1)
OHCOHOH7.CC2H5H+O+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5C2H5OH+C2H5H2OCC2H5H+C2H5OHOHCC6H5H+H2OOCC2H5C2H5O
OHC+C6H5H+C6H5C6H5C6H5C6H5
8. 写出下列反应可能的机理:
OH(1)CC2H5H++C2H5H2OC+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5C2H5C2H5+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5
OH(2)H+H2O++H+
(3)C2H5CHCH3OHH+H2OC2H5CHCH3++C2H5CH3H+C2H5CH3
OHOH(4)H+H2O+OHH+OH+O+NaBH4H+H2OOH+(5)CH3OOHH+++CH3OCH3OH+CH3O+CH3OOH9. ACH3或OHCH3DCH3或OHCHCH3BOCH3或CH3ECH3或OCCH3OHCCH3CH3CCH3CH3OHFHOCH3CH3或OHOHCH3CH3HOCCH3CH3
10. 完成下列转化:
(1)CH2OHH2SO4Br2BrNaOH醇
(2)HOCH3H2SO4B2H6H2O2OH-CH3C2H5ONaOH及对映体HHCH3TsClOTsHHCH3醇CH3OCH3CCH2CH3
CH3H2OH+(3)OHPBr3Mg乙醚MgBrCOHCH2CH3
(4)(CH3)2NB2H6H2O2OH-SarrettCrO3.Py(CH3)2NOH(CH3)2NO
11. 以苯、甲苯、环己醇及四个碳以下的有机物为原料合成:
(1)Br2FeBrMg乙醚OMgBrH2OH+HOH2SO4
Cl(2)CH3CH2ClAlCl3CH2CH3Cl2hvCCH3ClOCCH3C2H5ONa醇CCHC2H5MgBrCH3H2OH+CCMgBrCCCOH
O2NHNO3(3)CH3H2SO4HO3SCH3NaOH熔融OHOCH3HOCH3HOCH3(4)CH3Br2FeMg乙醚CH3MgBrH2OH+HOH2SO4CH3B2H6H2O2OH-CH3
(5)(CH3)3CClMg乙醚(CH3)3CMgClClCH2CH=CH2(CH3)3CCH2CH=CH2CH3CH3CCH2CH2CH3CH3
H2SO4H2Ni(6)OHN2CrO3OCH3MgBrH2OH+OHCH3CH3CH3CH3B2H6H2O2OH-OHK2Cr2O7H2SO4O
OCH3CCH3OHH2OH+(7)CH3CH2CH2CH2BrPBr3Mg乙醚CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBrBrCH3CH2CH2CH2CCH3CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2CCH3CH3
CH3CH2CHCH2OHCH3PBr3(8)CH3CH2CHCH3BrNaOH醇Mg乙醚HCHOH2OH+CH3CH2CHCH2BrCH3CH3CH2C=CH2CH3
(9)CH3CH2ClAlCl3CH2CH3H2SO4HO3SBrCH2CH3NaOH熔融HOCH2CH3NBSHOCHCH3NaOH醇NaOCH=CH2CH2ClCH2OCH=CH2
(10)H2SO4HO3SNaOH熔融HOCH3IOH-CH3OBr2FeOHCH3OBrMg乙醚CH3OMgBrCH3CHOH2OH+CH3OCHCH3
OOOH12.A(一对对映体)BC
(C与I2/NaOH发生碘仿反应,表明是甲基酮,见醛酮一章P353)
OTs13.(CH3)3COTs(CH3)3CHHC2H5ONaE2(CH3)3C及对映体
按E2反应机理反应,所以速率与对甲苯磺酸酯、乙氧基负离子浓度均成正比。
H(CH3)3C(CH3)3COTsHOTsC2H5ONaE1(CH3)3C及对映体
因稳定构象很难翻转,OTs不能处于直立键,无法反式共平面消除,所以只能按E1机理反应,故反应速度慢,且反应速率只取决于对甲苯磺酸酯的浓度。
CH314.AOHCH3DOHCH3ECH3或OHCH3FHOCH3CH3CH3BOHOHCH3COCH3
Cl15.ClOHHBr, SN2( + )构型转化Br( + )
ClHBr, 邻基参与构型保持Cl( + )
当卤素与羟基处于顺式时,卤素不能发生邻基参与,只能发生SN2反应,构型发生翻
OHBr( + )转,生成反式的卤代物,当卤素与羟基处于反式时可以邻基参与,构型保持,因而生成相同的产物。
OHH3CCH3OH+CH3H16.CH3CHOCH3HOOHCH3HOCH3H+CH3OCH3CH3O
重排为反式共平面重排,且发生在环上的反应,a键反应活性比e键高。
17. 发生了溴的邻基参与反应。
BrCH3HS, RCCCH3HOHH+BrCH3HCC+CH3HOH2BrCH3H+CCCH3HBr-BrCH3CHCH3CHBrS, R
CH3BrHCCH3CCH3HOHH+BrHCH3CC+CH3HOH2BrHCH3+CCCH3HBr-BrHCH3R, RCCHBrR, R
它们对映体的生成过程类似。
CH318.CH3CCH2OHH+CH3CH3CCH2OH2+CH3CH3CCH2+CH2OHCH3C+CH2OHCH3+CH2OHCH3H+CH2CH3HCHOHCH3CH2CHCH=OHCH3CH2CHCHO
19. ① A;② C;③ E;④ B;⑤ D.