英语24字整体教学法
第三讲 概要写作
考点 考查项目 语篇类型 主题语境 概要 写作 2019.6 议论文 人与社会 表扬孩子的方式 2018.11 说明文 人与自我 参观即将报考的大学 轮空 轮空 轮空 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 主题内容 考查方式 提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要
概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。概要写作考查的是考生在实现自由的思维表达之前,对他人的信息在充分理解的基础上进行大意表达的能力。
一、题型特点
1.概要写作是读写结合的题型,既考查考生理解文章主旨和段落中心的能力,又考查考生用正确的语法形式、适当的语言表达主旨的能力。
2.概要写作一般以自然段为基础概括要点。有些段落有主题句,考生需要对主题句进行改写和调整;有些段落没有明显的主题句,考生需要自己归纳要点。
二、选材特点
概要写作的原文一般是议论文和说明文。文章结构比较清楚。 三、评分标准
1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
2.评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。
3.词数少于40的和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。 4.评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑: ◆对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; ◆应用语法结构和词汇的准确性; ◆上下文的连贯性;
◆对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6.如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。
各档次的给分范围和要求
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英语24字整体教学法
档次 理解准确,涵盖全部要点; 第五档 (21—25分) 要求 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇; 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑; 完全使用自己的语言 理解准确,涵盖绝大部分要点; 第四档 (16-20分) 所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误,但完全不影响意义的表达; 比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要结构紧凑; 有个别整句抄自原文 理解较为准确,涵盖大部分要点; 第三档 (11-15分) 所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些错误,但不影响意义的表达; 使用简单的语句间的连接成分,使上下文内容连贯; 出现两句以上整句抄自原文的现象 理解有误差,仅涵盖半数要点; 第二档 (6-10分) 有些语法结构和词汇方面的错误,影响了意义的表达; 较少使用语句间的连接成分,全文内容缺失连贯性; 出现两句以上整句抄自原文的现象 没有理解原文,造成概要内容与原文主题不符; 第一档 (1-5分) 有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误,严重影响了意义的表达; 缺乏语句间的连接成分,全文内容不连贯; 多个句子抄自原文 0分 白卷、内容太少无法判断或所写内容与所提供内容无关 [典例] 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Dieters have long sworn that grapefruit helps people lose weight.The Grapefruit Diet,also called the Hollywood Diet,dates back to the 1930s and has a host of celebrity fans including singer Kylie Minogue.It involves having grapefruit or grapefruit juice with every meal while cutting back on calories.
Now, scientists are beginning to believe them.
A study has found that drinking grapefruit juice when eating fatty food lowers the amount of weight put on by up to a fifth.
The research also suggested that grapefruit could be as good as prescription drugs at keeping blood sugar levels under control—a key part of managing diabetes(糖尿病).
The experiments were conducted on mice—but researchers say the results justify studies on humans.Professor Joseph Napoli, of the University of California, Berkeley, said, “We see all sorts of
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英语24字整体教学法
scams about nutrition. But these results, based on controlled experiments, warrant(需要) further study of the potential health—promoting properties of grapefruit juice.”
The researchers found that when the mice were fed fatty food for three months, those given grapefruit juice to drink gained up to 18 percent less weight than those given water.
They also had lower blood sugar and insulin(胰岛素) levels—despite eating the same number of calories and doing the same amount of exercise as the mice who drank water. In fact, grapefruit juice was as good at controlling insulin as the widely used diabetes drug metformin(二甲双胍), the journal PLOSONE reports.
However, the fruit juice only had an effect on weight when the animals ate fatty food.The researchers said they did not know how grapefruit stops the pounds from piling on.
Spokesman Mariette Abrahams, a dietician, said until then it is too early for people to try grapefruit diets. “Grapefruit should be part of a healthy balanced diet,but it shouldn’t be the focus of the diet,” she said.
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本文是一篇科普类说明文,主要介绍了葡萄柚的减肥功效。第一段介绍了葡萄柚用于减肥的历史背景;第二至七段的内容是:研究表明,葡萄柚对人的身体健康有很多好处;第八段介绍了葡萄柚汁减肥的局限性;最后一段对葡萄柚饮食提出了不同的意见。考生在作答时,应注意条理清晰,避免混乱性语句;语言简洁,要点全面,可将原文中涉及的人名、地名等非重要信息忽略,以节约词数。另外,考生在作答时应注意语言的准确性和语句间的衔接性。
[参考范文]
Dieters think grapefruit juice helps lose weight and the Grapefruit Diet or the Hollywood Diet was a popular way of losing weight in the 1930s.(要点1)The experiments conducted on mice, which can also apply to humans, show that grapefruit juice benefits the loss of weight and the control of blood sugar and insulin levels.(要点2)However, the fruit only takes effect when the animals eat fatty food.(要点3)The opposite view doesn’t think eating grapefruit can be the focus of the diet.(要点4)
一、解题步骤
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