学 海 无 涯 马克思主义在当代中国社会主义制度条件下的应用
一、 何为马克思主义
1. 马克思主义是时代的产物
在人类社会刚刚走过的1000年中，思想大使群星璀璨。马克思作为一个伟大的思想家产生如此广泛而深远的影响，表明了以他名字命名的马克思主义具有无穷的思想魅力。马克思主义从产生到现在已经有160多年了，随着历史的发展，日益深入人心，显示出巨大的生命力。正像邓小平所说的：“我坚信，世界上赞成马克思主义的人会多起来的，因为马克思主义是科学。”马克思主义是关于无产阶级和人类解放的科学，它的产生实现了人类认识上划时代的伟大变革，在人类思想史上树起了前无古人的不朽丰碑。
马克思主义是无产阶级思想的科学体系。从不同的角度，我们可以对马克思主义做出不同的回答。从它的阶级属性讲，马克思主义是无产阶级争取自身解放和整个人类解放的科学理论，是关于无产阶级斗争的性质、目的和解放条件的学说。从它的研究对象和主要内容讲，马克思主义是无产阶级的科学世界观和方法论，是关于自然、社会和思维发展的普遍规律的学说。马克思主义是由一系列的基本理论、基本观点和基本方法构成的科学体系，它是完整的整体。其中，马克思主义哲学、马克思主义政治经济学和科学社会主义，是马克思主义理论体系不可分割的三个主要组成部分。
【2】
【1】
2. 马克思主义是以实践为中心的科学
马克思主义理论的学习就是围绕着以实际问题为中心开展的。以实际问题为中心，理论联系实际，是学习研究马克思主义的一个基本原则。只有以实际问题，才能掌握马克思主义的实质，不断创新发展的马克思主义，并通过对实际问题的思考提高自我的思想政治素质和创新思维的能力。所以运用马克思主义基本原理解决实际问题是马克思主义的基本要求。
只有以实际问题为中心才能深刻理解马克思主义。马克思主义之所以是科学，从根本上说，就在于以实践为基础，深刻地把握了人类社会发展的规律以及资本主义生产方式的运动规律，从而揭示了社会主义代替资本主义的必然性及其客观依据。因此，我们学习马克思主义，也只有紧密结合时代、实践和科学的发展，以实际问题为中心，才能加以深刻理解。
马克思主义之所以能指引着无产阶级时代前进，推动文明进步，根本原因就在于它自觉地植根于社会实践的丰厚土壤，不断地从现实生活中吮吸自己的生命之泉，随着时代主题的转换检验、丰富和发展自己，科学地回答了时代在不同阶段提出的根本性的重大问题。马克思主义具有与时俱进的品格，它是随着实践发展而发展的科学。实践的观点是马克思主义基
development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the Township and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by area Administrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\procedures, the time limit originally.
In the management of EIA in accordance with the3
学 海 无 涯 本的观点，实践性是马克思主义的本质特性。坚持一切从实际出发，实事求是，理论联系实际，在实践中检验真理和发展真理，是马克思主义重要的理论品质。
【3】
3. 马克思主义是中国共产党和社会主义事业的指导思想
作为中国共产党和社会主义事业指导思想的马克思主义，是从广义上理解的马克思主义。它既包括有马克思恩格斯创立的马克思主义的基本理论、基本方法，也包括列宁等对其的继承和发展，推进到新的阶段，并由毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛等为主要代表的中国共产党人将其与中国具体实际相结合，进一步丰富和发展了的马克思主义，即中国化的马克思主义。运用马克思主义基本原理解决实际问题要求我们正确处理前进和发展中的工作，把马克思主义落实到中国特色社会主义事业的全局，推进建设和谐社会的目标。
二、 发展中国特色社会主义
发展中国特色社会主义是我们的前进方向，体现了社会主义的本质要求，是马克思原理在中国运用的体现我们要在发展中国特色社会主义新的伟大实践中，继续推进实践基础上的理论创新，不断开拓马克思主义中国化的新境界，就必须立足中国国情，坚持与时俱进，不断赋予当代中国马克思主义鲜明的民族特色、时代特色。
1. 坚持实践第一的观点
要善于对最鲜活的实践经验作出理论概括，善于用创新的理论指导新的实践，不断赋予当代中国马克思主义鲜明的实践特色。马克思主义是实践的科学，实践的观点是马克思主义首要的基本观点。马克思主义从诞生之日起，其生命力最深刻的根源和动力就只存在于实践之中。建设和发展中国特色社会主义是中华民族实现富强、走向复兴的必由之路，也是我们不断推进马克思主义中国化的实践源泉。这一伟大实践中不断涌现的各种先进典型和成功经验，蕴涵着丰富的思想养分。我们要善于从多彩的实践活动中、从火热的社会生活中、从人民群众的创造中汲取营养，善于把基层党组织和人民群众创造的新鲜经验升华为理论成果，在实践中不断丰富科学理论的内涵。正确的理论不仅来自于实践，而且接受实践检验并随着实践的发展而发展。我们既要从实践发展的需要出发，对马克思主义科学原理和科学精神进行准确的把握和运用，又要结合新的实践，在回答和解决实际问题中推进理论创新。
2. 坚持立足中国国情
注意从中国传统文化中汲取智慧和养分，不断赋予当代中国马克思主义鲜明的民族特色。马克思主义是对世界历史发展规律和趋势的科学把握，具有普遍指导意义。但这一理论只有同各个民族、各个国家的具体实际相结合，才能发挥应有的指导作用。马克思主义要在
development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the Township and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by area Administrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\procedures, the time limit originally.
In the management of EIA in accordance with the2
学 海 无 涯 中国大地上生根发芽、开花结果，就必须充分考虑现实国情需要与文化的特殊性，使之体现中国气派和中国风格。要坚持从实际出发，把马克思主义基本原理同中国国情结合起来，着眼于解决中国建设和改革中面临的具体问题，通过总结中国人民在实践中积累的独创性经验，为现代化建设提供科学理论指导。要注意从中国优秀文化传统中汲取营养，把马克思主义理论与中华民族的文化特质、思维模式、价值取向、行为方式结合起来，使之与中国文化融为一体，创造出体现时代要求又具民族特色的价值追求和价值遵循。赋予当代中国马克思主义鲜明的民族特色，决不意味着要置身于世界进步潮流之外，相反必须密切关注世界文明的发展趋势，重视从世界与中国的双重维度去观察、思考和解决问题，善于吸收不同文明中科学、进步的合理成分。
3. 坚持与时俱进
深入研究回答改革发展中的重大现实问题，不断赋予当代中国马克思主义鲜明的时代特色。与时俱进是马克思主义的理论品质。时代在变化，实践在前进。对变化了的时代和实践做出科学准确的判断和分析，使理论符合实际情况，并指导新的实践，是时代赋予当代中国马克思主义的使命和重任。当今世界正在发生深刻变化，我国改革发展进入关键时期，新情况新问题层出不穷，一系列新的实践课题需要我们研究回答，一系列新的实践经验需要我们概括提炼，干部群众关心的热点难点问题需要我们解疑释惑。必须把时代要求摆在十分突出的位置，坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，把马克思主义同时代发展、时代特征结合起来，在正确认识和把握当今社会发展历史进程的基础上解决时代课题，不断开辟马克思主义中国化的广阔空间。
千里之行，始于足下。作为当代大学生的我们是祖国的未来和希望，肩负着推进中国特色社会主义建设事业、实现中华民族的伟大复兴的历史重任。要把追求个人理想与追求社会理想结合起来，把追求共同理想与远大追求理想结合起来，从我做起，从现在做起，勤于学习，善于创造，甘于奉献，做一个有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义新人。
三、 感谢
戴老师知识渊博，态度认真，上课生动，课堂上严格要求学生但能充分调动学生的积极性；课程设置合理，讲课详略得当，程度适中；讲课理论联系实际，使学生在轻松愉快的气氛中由浅入深的领会到马克思主义理论的奥妙；善于调动学生的积极性，引导学生思考，对马克思主义理论本质进行探究；一些实践环节的开展，使我们加深对理论的认识。戴老师讲课的方法，使原本很枯燥的马克思主义变得生动而有趣，在轻松地环境中去学习。虽然从初
development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the Township and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by area Administrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\procedures, the time limit originally.
In the management of EIA in accordance with the3
学 海 无 涯 中政治就开始接触到《马克思主义基本原理概论》了，但却一直认为它只是一门离现实比较遥远的科目，而且认为很少能在实际生活中得以运用。但是在大学中系统学习了这门课后，发现生活中的很多现象都能体现出其中的原理。十分感谢戴老师的认真生动的讲解，并恳请戴老师对论文的不足之处给予斧正。
development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the Township and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by area Administrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\procedures, the time limit originally.
In the management of EIA in accordance with the2
学 海 无 涯 参考文献：
【1】 《邓小平文选》第3卷，人民出版社1992年版 【2】 【3】 【4】 【5】
《马克思主义基本原理概论》2010年修订版，高等教育出版社 《列宁选集》第2卷，人民出版社1995年版
胡锦涛：《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗——在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告》，人民出版社2007年版
胡锦涛：《在“三个代表”重要思想理论研讨会上的讲话》，人民出版社2003年版
development work steadily in the pilot counties, to build peace neighborhood offices approved, %urban and rural communities (Center), immigrant communities, pilot projects such as integrated management of urban and rural sanitation in order. (D) maintain social harmony and stability. In the case of tight financial situation, continue to increase the input of people, happy people battle. Urban central heating and upgrade rural power grids, rural reconstruction of shabby housing ten major projects being delivered, has been overfulfilled ahead. Strengthening of social programs, college entrance examination to record heights; new rural insurance coverage rate of the city's first, launched in new rural cooperative medical clinic co-ordination; ... Perfect Park catering, accommodation, education, recreation and other tertiary industries supporting, improving socialization service level, for industries, businesses and create a good environment for development. 3, flexible investment, enhance the industry. Construction of industrial parks, just set up a platform for the development of only attract more projects into the district, to form agglomeration advantages. A innovation project. To be purposeful, targeted investment, will have a basis of the County's industrial packaged bundles, overall publicity and promotion. Initiative going, please come in and carry out all-round, multi-level and wide-range of investment activities. The Township industrial projects, in principle, to put to the West industrial parks. What town project, is that the output value of the Township. Second, we must grasp the standards selected items. Full account of extend the industry chain and the integration of factors of production, not only efforts to introduce a number of scientific and technological content and high added value, growth and strong driving force of large projects and large enterprises, but also on domestic-funded enterprises and in accordance with the direction of industrial development of small and medium projects, project man, small project overwhelming. Meet the area of the County's new industrial projects and city back into rural enterprises, in principle, all stationed in industrial parks. Meanwhile, strict control of excess capacity and high energy consumption, high emission enterprises to enter. Thirdly, increased incentives on the project. Investment of the whole society, the Township and County units go out and draft project. To establish investment incentives for successful introduction of significant project gives awards to units and individuals, the introduction of tax for the implementation of the project, to introduce organization into rewards. 4, preferential policies, and security industries. In terms of project examination and approval, by area Administrative Committee in conjunction with the development, planning, land, industry and commerce, quality control and other departments, \-stop reception, one-stop service\procedures, the time limit originally.
In the management of EIA in accordance with the3
(2020年7月整理)马克思主义基本原理概论课程论文.doc
