biological effect on the brain.
John Tattersall, a researcher on the health effects of radiation at the Defense Evaluation and
Research Agency's site at Portan Down, agrees that it might be wise to limit phone use by children. \a developing nervous system, it's known to be more susceptible to environmental insults,\he says. \if phones did prove to be hazardous -- which they haven't yet -- it would be sensible.\
In 1998, Tattersall showed that radiation levels similar to those emitted by mobile phones could alter signals from brain cells in slices of rat brain. \hazardous,\ says.
Alan Preece of the University of Bristol, who found last year that microwaves increase reaction times in test subjects, agreed that children's exposure would be greater. \skull is thinner, so children's heads are considerably closer,\
Stewart's report is likely to recommend that the current British safety standards on energy emissions from cell-phones should be cut to the level recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which is one-fifth of the current British limit. \says Michael Clark of the National Radiological Protection Board. \have different standards from an international body.\
61. Just because it has not been confirmed yet whether mobile phone emissions can harm
human tissue, according to the government report, it does not mean that . A. the government should prohibit children from using cell phones B. we should put down the phone for the sake of safety C. the industry can have a right to promote phone use D. children are safe using cell phones
62. Tattersall argues that it is wise to refrain mobile phone use by children in term of A. their neural development B. their ill-designed cell phones C. the frequency of their irrational use D. their ignorance of its possible health effects 63. On the issue in question, Preece A. does not agree with Tattersall
B. tries to remove the obstacles in the way C. asks for further investigation D. would stand by Stewart
64. What is worrisome at present is that the UK
.
A. is going to turn deaf ears to the voice of Stewart's plan B. finds it difficult to cut the current safety standards on phone use C. maintains different standards on safety limit from the international ones D. does not even impose safety limit on the mobile phones' energy emissions 65. Which of the following can be the best candidate for the title of the passage
A. Brain Wave. B. For Adults Only. C. Catch Them Young. D. The Answer in the Air. Passage Two
Advances in cosmetics dentistry and plastic surgery have made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and mom openly today than even in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.
Evidence of the smile's ascent may be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs, voluptuous nudes, or middle-class
family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains (like the torturers in
martyrdom and crucifixion scenes) may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.
Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator of Yale University's Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by the shy dimples of Leonardo's Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the \ 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R. Ball.
In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to be openly displayed.
Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.
Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public. \smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the 'true' smile,\of enthusiasm, he says.
With tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow's beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These corner-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one's favorite celebrity.
What can you say to that except \
66. Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, A. people would not have been as happy as they are today . B. the rate of facial birth defects would not have declined C. there would not have been many more open smiles D. we would not have seen smiling faces in public
67. According to the passage, it seems that whether there is a smile et not in the portraits or pictures is
decided by A. one's internal sense of the external world B. one's identity or social position
.
C. one's times of existence D. all of the above
68. Trumble's study on smiles shows that A. an open smile can serve as a cover-up B. the famous portraits radiate varying smiles
C. even the human muscles can arouse varying emotions
D. smiles can represent misinterpretations of different eras and cultures 69. What Trumble expects to see is .
.
A. the increasing tendency of broad grins and open smiles in public B. further impact of Western medicine upon non-Western cultures C. a wider range of meanings to be conveyed by smiles D. more of sincerity and enthusiasm in public
70. At the end of the passage, the author implicates A. a fortune to come with cosmetic advances
B. an identical smile for everybody C. future changes in life style D. the future of smiles Passage Three
.
Adolf Hitler survived an assassination attempt in 1944 with the help of penicillin made by the
Allies, a microbiologist in the UK claims. If the Nazi leader had died from- bacterial infection of his many wounds, the Second World War might have been over a year earlier, saving millions of lives, says Milton Wainwright of the University of Sheffiel , a noted historian of microbiology.
In a paper to be published soon in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Wainwright reveals first-hand evidence that Hitler was treated with penicillin by his personal doctor, Thee Morrell, following an assassination attempt in which a bomb in a suitcase exploded next to Hitler's desk, Hitler was badly hurt, fleeing the scene with his hair and trousers on fire, a badly bleeding arm and countless wooden splinter wounds from the oak table that probably saved his life.
Wainwright found confirmation that Morrell gave Hitler antibiotics as a precaution in a recent translation of Morrell's own diary .I happened to be reading it for interest when the word penicillin jumped out at me,\have got the
drug. At the time, penicillin was available only to the Allies; German and Czechoslovakian: teams had tried without much success to make it, Wainwright says, but the small quantities that were available were weak and impure. \
He reasons that Morrell would only have risked giving Hitler penicillin to prevent infectious if he were confident that the antibiotic would cure, not kill the German premier. \that Morrell, in a very dodgy position as Hitler's doctor, would only have used pure stuff.\And the only reliable penicillin was that made by the Allies. So where did Morrell get it
Wainwright's investigations revealed that Allied airmen carried penicillin, so the Germans may have confiscated some from prisoners of war. The other more likely source is from neutral countries such as Spain, which received penicillin from Allied countries for humanitarian purposes, perhaps for treating sick children.
\
would have got through in diplomatic bags, reaching Hitler's doctor and the higher echelons of the Nazi party. So this was almost certainly pure, Allied penicillin.\
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医学博士英语真题及答案
