高考语法复习 4动词时态和语态
【走进高考】
1.【2024·天津卷·单项填空】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying. A. set aside C. make out 【答案】C
凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，set aside“存【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：但她听不清他在说什么。储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
2.【2024·江苏卷·单项填空】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there. A. would fall 【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2024·江苏卷·单项填空】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2024 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2024年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
4Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she 【2024·新课标II卷·语法填空】had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及
B. will have been installed C. are installed
D. have been installed
B. had fallen
C. has fallen
D. fell
B. take back D. keep off
said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
5.【2024·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years 【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
6.【2024·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars 【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
7.【2024·北京】—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start 【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：—嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。—你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
8.【2024·江苏】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out C. is being carried out 【答案】A
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
B. would be carried out D. has been carried out
B. have started
C. started
D. had started
9.【2017·北京】People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. A. will have 【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
10.【2017·天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A. regard 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…把…看作…和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D，再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。
【语法精讲】
一、谓语动词 (一)动词的时态和语态
题型 典题试做 (2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country has grown (grow) more corn than rice. (2024·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started 语法填空 (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2024·全国卷Ⅲ)True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” 时态的考查主要是一般现在时和一般过去时； 考查被动语态的用法； 主谓一致的考查 考点解读
B. is regarded
C. are regarded
D. regards
B. have
C. had
D. had had
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school comes (come) first.” (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah has been told/was told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
要点一 各种时态与语态的构成
现在 主动 被动 am/is/are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 主动 过去 被动 was/were done was/were being done had been done 主动 shall/ will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/wil\\ l have been doing \\ 将来 被动 shall/will be done shall/will be being done shall/will have been done 过去将来 主动 should/ would do should/would 被动 should/would be done should/would be 一般 do/does did am/is/ 进行 are doing has/ 完成 have done was/were doing be doing being done should/would have done should/would have been doing \\ should/would have been done had done 完成 进行 has/have been doing \\ had been doing 要点二 各种时态的用法 考点一 一、一般现在时
1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。
◆(陕西卷)On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。
◆The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day. 这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
3．在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
◆(江苏卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
动词第三人称单数的变化规则
一般情况直接加-s work→works get→gets say→says read→reads discuss→discusses 结尾为-s, -x, -sh, -ch或-o，在词尾加-es wash→washes fix→fixes teach→teaches go→goes carry→carries study→studies 结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加-es try→tries fly→flies cry→cries 二、一般过去时 1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。
◆(2024·北京卷)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. ——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。 —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just started on Monday. ——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一才开始住在这儿。
2．有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词：know, think, expect, want等。
◆(全国卷)Edward, you play so well. But I didn’t know you played the piano. 爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。
动词过去式的变化规则
一般情况在动词后加-ed work→worked play→played want→wanted
高考英语易错语法点30题专题04 动词时态和语态(解析版)
