摘选自星火图书《考研英语各个击破系列——完形填空三步突破法》 Section I Use of English Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.
The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself. After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.
1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored 2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off
3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof
4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous 5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments 6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work
7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as 8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion 9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant
10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by
11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed 12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar
to
13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source
14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading
15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual 16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly 17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued 18.[A]Therefore [B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile 19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended
20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hiting
1. [A]。该句的已知信息为：希望他们(指派去指导实验的两名工程师)能够得知工作场所的照明如何工人的生产力。对比四个选项，可知[A] affected“影响”符合句意。[B] achieved“获得”、[C] extracted“榨取”和[D] restored“恢复”都不符合此处文意，均排除。
2. [B]。该题考查动词end的搭配。end不能与at和with构成固定搭配，所以首先排除[A]和[C]。end up和end off都有“结束”之意，但end up作谓语时，之后可接名词、动名词、形容词或介词词组作补足语，根据原句的结构可以确定正确选项为[B]。该句意思是：此项研究最终命名为“霍桑效应”。
3. [C]。空格后的of being experimented upon为该题的定语，意为“接受实验的”，选项中只有[C] act“行为”符合“接受实验”的性质，为正确答案。而[A] truth强调某件事情是真实情况，并非编造的，不符合语境，所以排除；[B] sight“景象；看法”和[D] proof“证据”与原文中“接受实验的”不搭配，排除。
4. [B]。此处的形容词修饰behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant(霍桑工厂里女工的表现)，结合下文可知，无论照明是变亮还是变暗，她们每小时的产量都有所提高，因此可以判断这种表现令人费解，故选[B] perplexing。[A] controversial“有争议的”、[C] mischievous“恶作剧的；有害的”和[D] ambiguous“模棱两可的”都不能描述下文中工人的行为，所以排除。 5. [C]。该句的已知信息为：根据实验的，当灯光增强时，工人每小时的产量就会增加，而灯光变暗时，小时产量依然增加。可以看出，题目后面的内容是实验所描述的情形，故选[C] accounts“描述”。[A]requirements“要求”、[B] explanations“解释”和[D] assessments“估计”都不符合句意，所以排除。 6. [B]。句子中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的名词性从句what was done in the experiment。matter“有关系，要紧”往往用于否定句中，本处意思是“实验中做了什么并不重要”，故选[B]。[A] conclude“结束；断定”和[D] work“起作用”不符合此处语境，排除；[C] indicate意为“表明”，通常作及物动词，和原句的结构不符合，所以排除。
7. [D]。由该句的前一部分可知，无论实验中做了什么都不重要。后半句进一步地解释某一方面发生改变，生产率会提高。由句意可以判断，[D] as long as“只
要”为正确选项，此处强调了无论是哪一方面发生变化，工人的生产率都会提高。[A] as far as表示范围、程度，意为“就……；至于”；[B] for fear that“唯恐”和[C] in case that“免得；以防”都不符合此处语境。
8. [A]。该句中that they were being experimented upon(她们正在接受实验)是空格处的同位语从句，结合选项可知[A] awareness“意识”符合该从句的意思，本句的大意是说：工人知道自己本身是被研究对象这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。[B] expectation“期待”、[C] sentiment“心情”和[D] illusion“幻觉”都不符合文意，所以排除。
9. [C]。句子的已知信息为：工人意识到自己正在接受实验，就好像改变她们的表现。根据第一段的末句the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects behaviour(单单接受实验这一行为就会改变实验对象的表现)可以判断[C] enough“足够的”为正确答案。[A] suitable“合适的”、[B]
excessive“过度的”与文意无关；[D] abundant“大量的；充裕的”常用来修饰数量，不能表示程度，排除。
10. [D]。该题考查介词与itself的搭配。选项中只有[D] by可以与itself搭配，表示“独自地”，与句中的enough前后呼应。其他选项中的介词都不能与itself构成有意义的搭配。
11.[C]。句子的已知信息为：同样的数据计量经济学分析。结合四个选项，意思分别为be compared to“被比喻成”、be shown to“被出示给”、be subjected to“受到”和be conveyed to“被传递给”。根据句意可以判断，[C] subjected为正确选项，此处指对数据进行计量经济学分析。
12.[A]。空格处与句中的surprise(令人惊奇的事情)相呼应，并引出下文中的经过计量经济学分析后的新发现，故选 [A] Contrary to“与……相反”，这里表示新发现与之前的结果相反。[B] Consistent with“与……一致”和[C] Parallel with“与……相同”与文意相悖，排除；[D] Peculiar to“为……所特有”与句意无关，也排除。
13.[A]。注意此处的正常语序应为no systematic that levels of
productivity were related to changes in lighting was found，意思是“没有发现系统的说明生产力的高低和照明的变化有关”。由此可以判断[A] evidence“证据”符合句意。[B] guidance“指导”、[C] implication“含义”和[D] source“来源”与后面从句的意思都不对应，排除。
14. [D]。由上文可知，数十年后人们通过计量经济学来分析实验的数据，推翻了原有的“霍桑效应”的观点。第四段的第一句起到了承上启下的作用，句中用turns out(证明是)和may have led to(可能造成了)说明人们现在如何从新的角度看待原来的理论。故应用[D] misleading“引入歧途的”来修饰句中的interpretations of what happened(对事情的解释)，说明原有的解释是错误的。[A] disputable“未确定的”不够贴切，因为文章明确表示原有的观点是错误
的；[B] enlightening“启发的”和[C] reliable“可靠的”和文意相悖，所以排除。
15. [B]。本题由上下文的逻辑关系决定。联系下文，下文论证了“霍桑效应”为谬论，所以选[B] For example，用以举例论证。[A] In contrast“相比之下”、[C] In consequence“结果”和[D] As usual“像往常一样”都不能正确表示上下文的逻辑关系，均可排除。
16. [A]。该句举例论证了“霍桑效应”的误导性，根据句中always(总是)可知，该例子应该具有普遍性，所以排除表示偶然性和不稳定性的[B]
accidentally“偶然地；意外地”、[C] unpredictably“难以预见地”和[D] suddenly“突然地”，故得出正确选项为[A] duly“按时地，及时地”。此处意思是：工人的产量每到周一就会提高。
17. [D]。句子的已知信息为：工人每到周一复工时，产量和上个周六相比总会提高，而产量将在接下来的几天中提高。再结合该段最后一句中的Workers...be diligent for the first few days of the working week...(工人在工作周的头几天都会努力工作)，可知[D] continued“继续”符合文意，为正确选项。[A] failed“不能”和[B]ceased“停止”和文意相悖；而[C] started“开始”和句中提到的“周一的产量会有所提高”矛盾，也排除。
18. [C]。本句前面说到：照明通常在周日会发生变化，而每到周一工人复工时，和上个周六相比，产量就会提高，并且在接下来的几天还会继续提高，而后面说的是“周一的产量总是会增加”，此句意思与前面相反，说明另一种情况，故选[C] however“可是，然而”。[A] Therefore“所以，因此”、[B]
Furthermore“此外，而且”和[D] Meanwhile“同时”都不合文意，均可排除。 19. [B]。本句说到，无论有没有实验，工人们在工作周的前几天努力工作。结合选项来看，tend to do表示“倾向于做某事，往往”，说明一种常规的事实，故[B]为正确答案。[A] attempted“企图”、[C] chose“选择”、[D] intended“打算”都不符合语境，均排除。
20. [D]。由句子结构可以判断，该词和a plateau构成动宾搭配。原文指工人在一周的头几天产量一直攀升，到达一定程度后又会有所下降，选项中可与a plateau构成有符合句意搭配的是[D] hitting“达到”。[A] breaking“破坏”和[C] surpassing“超过”与文意不相符；[B] climbing表示“增长，攀升”时为不及物动词，需与介词to连用，不符合原句的结构，排除。
考研英语完型填空之答案详解
