2020年高中《英语》精选考点专项突破题集
专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气
I.单项填空
1.【2019·江苏】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had 【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
2.【2019·天津】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished C. would accomplish 【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
3.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need 【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
4.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. A. drove 【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
5.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
B. would drive
C. were to drive
D. had driven
B. should
C. can
D. must
B. had accomplished D. would have accomplished
B. will have
C. would have had
D. had had
2020年高中《英语》精选考点专项突破题集
A. had caught C. have caught 【答案】A
B. caught D. would catch
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
6.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. A. should leave C. might leave 【答案】D
B. must have left D. could have left
7.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved. A. had
B. will have D. have had
C. would have had 【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。 8.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would C. could 【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
9.【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf. A. must B. should C. can D. need
B. should D. might
2020年高中《英语》精选考点专项突破题集
【答案】C
【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。
10.【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put 【答案】A
试题分析：句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
11.【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. A. It were 【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省 略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是 无法克服她自己的困难的。
12.【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. daren’t 【答案】C
【解析】 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。 13.【2017·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be 【答案】B
【解析】句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。，根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。
14.【2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. A. needn’t B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t
B. Were it
C. It was
D. Was it
2020年高中《英语》精选考点专项突破题集
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. needn’t不需要；B. mustn’t禁止；C. wouldn’t不愿；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。 考点：考查情态动词
15.【2016·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told 【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。 16.【2016·江苏】27.If it A. had not been 【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。故A正确。
17.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 【答案】B
【解析】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。 考点：考查情态动词。
18.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____. A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured 【答案】D
【解析】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。 19.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
2020年高中《英语》精选考点专项突破题集
A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen 【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略it，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。
20.【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone 【答案】C
【解析】乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。 21.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see 【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选D。
22.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didn’t write C. wouldn’t write
B. hadn’t written D. wouldn’t have written
B. weren’t seeing
C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。 23.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. A. must B. can 【答案】A
【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。 24.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D needn’t
C. will
D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】句意：太吵了，以致我们不能够听到我们在说什么？A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so +形容词+ that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这个
高中英语考点专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气(解析版)
