新概念英语第四册笔记大全

say …

Take one's leave = take leave 离开（正式用法） Would you please take your leave? 我很烦的几种表示法：

What a bore. What a nuisance. What a trial What a jerk. get down to + 名词/动名词

例：我开始学习了。 I get down to my studies. I get down to learning my book. to- 介词

同义词： be engaged in glorious glory n. 光荣

（rosy ,shining , brilliant , magnificent , gorgeous） in one's glory: 在某人的鼎盛时期 in one's day in one's golden days in one's prime time in the pride of one's life rub 摩擦 at odds 有矛盾

have words with sb. 和…拌嘴 Do you get the rub? Do you get the picture? Do you catch me ? Do you get me ? What's the range?问年龄 Teenager 14到18

Under thirteen.Adolescent: 13到16 Juvenile 青少年 Youth 20到30

Air :神态（多用复数） He always puts on airs. 摆谱 Arrogant airs : 傲气 Bureaucratic airs : 官气 Finicky airs 娇气

Dreary 同: drearisome a.无味，无聊 Sterile : 枯燥无味 Monotonous: 乏味无聊 Gloomy： 沉闷 Lifeless: 无生气的

have ambition for going abroad/to gao abroad. Fish …(wealth and fame) Chase …(fame and gains) Pursue … Cosmic 宇宙

Cosmonaut 宇航员 = astronaut Astro-/aster 天体 Disaster Cosmic place :大都市 Metropolis: 大都市 Violent nonviolence 非暴力 狂风：violent wind 暴死：violent death vehement 猛烈的 同义词：turbulent tumultuous suburb 郊区

urbane: 有礼貌的 short-sighted 目光短浅的 narroe-minded/small-minded insular 绝缘，目光短浅的 provincial conceited 自高自大的 骄傲的 conceit(n.) pride 自豪

big-headed 头发胀的 cocky 自负的

chicken 胆小鬼 sweller 膨胀的 over-confident people are always talking about ' the problem of youth'. Are talking _ 到目前为止一直讨论 'the problem of youth ' 加引号，引用。

-which I take leave to doubt 插入语 \我冒昧的说\，表示怀疑 -If there is any,同样表示怀疑 straight forward 开门见山

it is older people who creat it.—强调句

let us (speaker exclusive) – Let's (speaker inclusive) get down to fundamentals fundamental = basic 基本的 fundamentalist 信奉正统基督教的人 after all – 退一步

like – (介词) 省略了谓语 are people are just lije their elders glorious future 光辉的未来

splendid future光辉的未来（已过去的，对老年人而言） where the rub is 症结所在，问题就出在这 hatred : 憎恨

ironical 讽刺的，用反语的 uncertain 后面省略用法 I would have been 虚拟语气 Something 重要的东西

You are somebody. 你是重要人物 So .. as … 后置定语 出色： outstanding

stand out 站出来，鹤立鸡群 cut figure 崭露头角

one of the things 正是其中之一

seeking = looking for exciting 令人激动的

air of freedom 无拘无束 = carefree , freedom from care commitment 专注(to + 名词/动名词)

love = seek 追求 mean 意味着，小气卑鄙 = disgusting anxious 虎视眈眈的

polish 擦，磨 apple polisher 溜须拍马 bootlicker 拍马屁者 no devotion to 热爱（贬） material things 物质享受 to me 在我看来（插入语） life 生机

lifeless 没生机的，死气沉沉的

link with 把什么联系起来 origin 起源 original 原本的 as if 虚拟假设

in some sence 可以这么说吧（插入语 ） in contrast with 与…比较 violent 强烈= strong lovely 生动的，完美的

后置的同位语- suburban creatures

前面用得是 – cosmic beings mediocre 平庸的 idol 偶像 idiot 傻瓜 conceited 自负 ill-mannered 粗暴 presumptuous 自以为是的 fatuous 愚蠢无比的

turn for protection to 寻求保护 turn to 求助 dreary = boring cliché 沉郁的 cliché 陈词滥调，老生常谈

L7 The Sports Spirit

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be

disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriouslybelieve--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. New words and expressions goodwill n. 友好 prestige n. 声誉

cricket n.板球 disgrace vt. 使丢脸 inclination n.意愿 savage n.野性的 contest n. 比赛 combative a.好斗的 orgy n. 恣意，放荡 frankly ad.坦率地

deduce vt.推断 mimic a.与….极相似 competitive a. 竞争性的 behaveiour 行动

pick up 随意挑选 spectatotor n.观众 side n. 队

word….into…..引起……注意 patriotism n. 地方观念 爱国主义 fury n.狂热 involve vt. 卷入 absurd a.荒唐的

at any rate 无论……,至少…….

Notes on the vocabularies goodwill=friendship n.友好 goodwill games:友好运动会 goodwill visit:友好访问 pay a goodwill visit to official visit:官方正式访问 state visit:国事访问

cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高兴，快乐无比

inclination n. 意愿 incline v.

be inclined to do sth 表示强烈的意愿 I am inclined to take toefl. willing

show inclination to

follow one's inclination 随心所欲 contest n. 比赛

近义词：competition game match tournament race contest:a group of judges beauty contest 选美比赛 competition:socially 抽象使用 Social competition is fierce.

Dog eat dog.人吃人。形容竞争激烈。 game:physically ,mentally match:quite important

China won the 2002 World Cup match. tournament:淘汰赛，巡回赛。 race:以速度见长 cycle racing 自行车比赛 car racing 赛车 orgy n.恣意，放荡 revelry in 狂欢 I revelry in my success. on a spree

The girl is on a shoping spree. competitive

combative-贬义词 同 aggressive competitive-褒义词／中性词 competitor-竞争者 compete with sb. for sth. pick up 随意挑选 side 队

patriotism n.地方观众，爱国主义 patriot:爱国者 patriotic:爱国的 involve vt.卷入

involve oneself in scandal be involved in prestige n.声誉

prestigious a.享有声誉的

Qinghua university is very prestigious.

近义词：fame renown(renowned 著名的) reputation eminence disgrace vt.使丢脸 grace,graceful-graceless

disgraceful 丢脸 Your essay is very guaceful. fame-defame

honor-dishonor

stigmaa(污点) vt.stigmatize Robbery stigmatizes him. savage n.野性的

inhuman 残忍无比 nonhuman （非人类的） mercy-merciless ruth-ruthless beastly

combative a.好斗的 frankly ad.坦率地

Frankly speaking(To be frank) 坦白的说 candid 坦白的 straightly 直率的 mimic a.与……相似 mimic-只用作定语 similar-可作定语和表

语 Our ideas are similar. We have similar ideas. alike-只作表语

Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 behaviour 行动 举止 Behave oneself.规矩点儿。 attitude n.态度 spectator n.观众

audience 听众 audial 听 visual

spectacle: 壮丽景色；眼镜 viewer 电视观众 work…into… 引起…注意… into后接表示感情的词 fury n.狂热

furious a.—强于anger,annoyance,aggravation rage---suddenly & quickly absurd a.荒唐的

近义词 illogical irrational senseless ridiculous r开头的形容词的反义词前面加ir l开头的形容词的反义词前面加il at any rate 无论，至少＝at least Notes on the text

amazed: surprised,astound,astonished

前两个词都可以用作表语和主谓宾结构，后两个词只有表语结构。

The news surprised me. I was surprised by the news. I am astonished to hear the news.

You should not say\hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doing if only:

1. 表虚拟，当\真好\讲,后面无任何主从句。 If only I had a pair of wings.我要有双翅膀就好了。 If only I could fly to the moon.

2. 作为条件句＝as long as，后面须有主句。

deduce:推导

the background of the 1936 Olympic Games :二战时在德国柏林举行，希特勒举办的目的为

了宣传他的national supremacy(民主优越性)。然而，事与愿违，本届奥运会出现了

一位独领风骚的田径大王－美国黑人运动员，杰西·欧文斯，他共获得4枚金牌，

让希特勒disgrace(颜面尽失)，后人评论\而

且称为political tragedy,影射希特勒的种族歧视，导致极端的仇恨，引发二战。 neagly all 基本肯定 green: 绿地 aroused:被激发起来 frankly: 真正的 mimic warfare:模拟战争

battle field-fight to win,commander,do your utmost,blood,lose life,machine guns

sport field—play to win,coach ,do your best ,sweat,lose life,hand leg foot fury over 对…愤怒 virtue:quality

L 8 Education

Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to do, and home has become much less of a workshop. Clothes can be bought ready made,washing can go to the laundry, food can be bought cooked, canned or preserved, bread is baked and delivered by the baker, milk arrives on the doorstep, meals can be had at the restaurant, the works' canteen, and the school dining-room. It is unusual now for father to pursue his trade or other employment at home, and his children rarely, if ever, see him at his place of work. Boys are therefore seldom trained to follow their father's occupation, and in many towns they have a fairly wide choice of employment and so do girls. The young wage-earner often earns good money, and soon acquires a feeling of economic independence. In textile areas it has long been customary for mothers to go out to work, but this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a child's home life, the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years. With mother earning and his older children drawing substantial wages father is seldom the dominant figure that he still was at the beginning of the century. When mother works economic advantages accrue, but children lose something of great value if mother's employment prevents her from being home to greet them when they return from school. New words and expressions

laundry n.洗衣店 customary a.通常的，司空见惯的 can vt.把....装罐 factor n.事实，因素 preserve vt.腌制 draw vt.挣得

pursue vt. 从事，进行 substantial a.相当的 trade n.手艺accrue vi.增长

occupation n.工作 Notes on the vocabularies

laundry n.洗衣店 I go to the laundry.我去洗衣服了。 can vt.把....装罐

can (美国常用) tin(英国常用) can the fruit 水果罐头 ready-made food to heat it preserve vt.腌制

preserved vegetables 腌菜 nutritious bean curd:豆腐

保存－preserve reserveconserve reserve 预定 I'd like to reserve two tickets. Please reserve a table for six.

conserve 常用于深林的保护 避免造成不必要的浪费 preserve 保存目的是使其保有鲜活力，保鲜 pursue vt. 从事，进行

I'm pursuing English.我正在学英语。

China pursues the opening policy.中国实施开放政策。 还有'追求'的意思 He is pursuing the girl.

A cold pursues me.感冒使我精神不振。（幽默的说法） pursuit-名词 更加正式 in the pursuit of trade n.手艺

tradesman 手艺人 craftsman 手艺人 spokesman 发言人

statesman 政治家 politician 玩弄权术的人

Jack of all trades,master for none.各行都懂一点，但都不精。 Two of a trade never agree.同行是冤家。 occupation n.工作 具有最宽泛的含义 occupy v. I'm occupied.我正忙着。 近义词：employment profession

employee employer 强调雇用和被雇佣的关系 unemployment 失业

profession:宗教词 preach布道 pray祈祷

该词被赋予了崇高的含义，常形容highly skilled 如IT ,engineer customary a.通常的，司空见惯的

custom n. 风俗 某一个种族或部落所遵循的原则 When in Rome,do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 beijinger 哪国人哪个地区人都加个er

convention(usually accepted):世界都认可的规范和习俗 tradition:沿袭或流传下来，大到国家，小到一个家庭 factor n.事实，因素 draw vt.挣得

draw money 赚钱 The novel draws well.小说很畅销。 best-seller 最畅销 Movies draws well.很卖座。

land money land:得到 I land very profitable work.我得到个肥差。

substantial a.相当的 只作程度词

considerable 相当的 fair sizable I draw considerable money.我赚大钱。 considerate :体谅的 He is very considerate. accrue vi.增长

只能作不及物动词 interests accrue 利息增长 accumulate pile build up amass 都可作及物动词 grow ：增长（不及物动词），种庄稼 Notes on the text

do much less much far 放在比较级之前表示程度词 I'm far better.

used to:过去（一般习惯的动作）I used to walk for a while after supper.

and :表示结果

workshop:作坊 专题研讨会 同义词symposium

much less :越来越不像 表示程度词 much more 越来越像 ready-made: 现成的 作but方式状语 The meal is ready-made.饭好了，可以吃了。 go to: 拟人手段

cooked:熟食 fast food snack canned:罐头食品 preserved:腌制的

bake:烤 baker:面包师 delivered:传送 doorstep

works=factory (机械的，大型的) plant(大型工厂) mill(加工木头的工厂) company(泛指)

canteen:食堂（self-help） cafeteria(高档的，餐馆的自助餐) dining-room:学生食堂 if ever :即便有的话也是不多

补全句子：….if ever,he can see him…… paternal society:父系社会

follow their father's occupation 子承父业 wide choice:大量的选择机会

coeducation:男女同校 primary school:私塾 wage-earner:赚钱的人 bread-earner:养家糊口者

In your family ,who is the bread-earner?

相对而言，wage 给labours 而salary 给白领阶层 good money 赚大钱 acquires:获得（easily get）

Man acquires the ability to speak.强调自然获得 obtain 费尽劳力

feeling of economic independence:经济独立感 sence of honor/pride/responsibility/master/humor/guilt superiority complex:优越感 complex:情节 inferior complex:自卑感

textile areas:纺织业地区如英国的Manchester it has long been customary 早就习以为常 maternal society:母系社会 working mother:职业母亲

more than doubled:远远超出了以前的两倍

but this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a child's home life,the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years.

the number of married women……years

是个省略谓语的独立主格句,主语与主句的 主语不同。

something 后置定语 be of 结构

smething valuable greatly/smething greatly valuable prevent from

L9 Curiosities of Animal Life

Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role. To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.

A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar. L10 Thoughts in Wilderness

In our new society there is a growing dislike of original, creative men. The manipulated do not understand them; the manipulators fear them. The tidy committee men regard them with horror, knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them. We could do with a few original, creative men in our political life—if only to create some enthusiasm, release some energy--but where are they? We are asked to choose between various shades of the negative. The engine is falling to pieces while the joint owners of the car argue whether the footbrake or the handbrake should be applied. Notice how the cold, colourless men, without ideas and with no other passion but a craving for success, get on in this society, capturing one plum after another and taking the juice and taste out of them. Sometimes you might think the machines we worship make all the chief appointments, promoting the human beings who seem closest to them. Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache,I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, a rich personality, on the whole packed globe. The twin ideals of our time, organization and quantity, will have won for ever. L11 Spies in Britain

Alfred the Great acted as his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, a

nd could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.

While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. These had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle : and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.

So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes--and within a month the

Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage! L12 The Language of Hollywood

What characterizes almost all Hollywood pictures is their inner emptiness. This is compensated for by an outer impressiveness. Such impressiveness usually takes the form of truly grandiose realism. Nothing is spared to make the setting, the costumes, all of the surface details correct. These efforts help to mask the essential emptiness of the characterization, and the absurdities and trivialities of the plots. The houses look like houses, the streets look like streets; the people look and talk like people; but they are empty of humanity, credibility, and motivation. Needless to say, the disgraceful censorship code is an important factor in predetermining the content of these pictures. But the code does not disturb the profits, nor the entertainment value of the films; it merely helps to prevent them from being credible. It isn't too heavy a burden for the industry to bear. In addition to the impressiveness of the settings, there is a use of the camera, which at times seems magical. But of what human import is all this skill, all this effort, all this energy in the production of effects, when the story, the representation of life is hollow, stupid, banal, childish ? L13 Thames Waters

Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry. The peace which Oxford once knew, and which a great university city should always have, has been swept ruthlessly away; and no benefactions and research endowments can make up for the change in character which the city has suffered. At six in the morning the old courts shake to the roar of buses taking the next shift to Cowley and Pressed Steel, great lorries with a double deck cargo of cars for export lumber past Magdalen and the University Church. Loads of motor-engines are hurried hither and thither and the streets are thronged with a population which has no interest in learning and knows no studies bey