被动语态
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught 一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 过去进行时：have／has been＋taught 现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构
be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。被动语态,动作的对象是主语；当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
1, 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。
The glass is broken.(系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy. (被动语态)
2 ，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态
The magazine is published in Shanghai.。(被动语态) The door is locked. (系表结构)
The door has already/just been locked. (被动语态) The shop is opened. (系表结构)
The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday. (被动语态)
3 ，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
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三、被动语态的用法
1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night. This book was published in 1981.
2 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 This book was written by him.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主 动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are made
by
them
in the factory.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. = It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once. = It should be done at once 一．选择填空
1. In some countries , tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place
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C. have taken place D. were taken place 3. The new type of car is going to ______ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out
4. The woman murdered her friend and ______ to ______. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die 5. －Do you like the skirt ? －It _______ soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who ________ for ?
A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _____ to know Professor Zhang.
A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. －I want to sit at the table near the window. －Sorry , ______ already.
A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken 9. The letter _______ three days ago and it ______ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.
A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given 三. Correct these sentences. (改正下列句子) 1. This house built 100 years ago.
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2. Football plays in most countries of the world. ___________________ 3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? ___________________ 4. A garage is a place where cars repair. ____________________ 5. Where are you born? ____________________
6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? _______________ 7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. _______________ 8. When was invented the bicycle? ____________________ 四. 填空(完成被动语态填空)
1. They often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态) Their classroom _____often ______ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week. (同上) A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week. 3. A lot of people in China can speak English now. (同上) English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. (同上) English ______ ______ ______ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. (同上) These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.
1. What we say here will not be long remembered. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。
2. We both believe that through vigilance and strength, in your words, a war can be postponed, and in our words, war can be avoided.
我们都认为，有了警惕和实力，用你们的话来说，可以推迟战争；用我们的话来说，可以避免战争。
3， We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism.
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社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。
4,. Products of the factory are well received by the wide customers. 该厂的产品受到广大顾客的欢迎。 5. He was dismissed for being too lazy. 他太懒了，结果给/被开除了。
6. The lecture is considered very important for beginners. 大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。
7. The new building having been installed, my work there was done. 新的房子建好后，我的任务也就完成了。
8，In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
9. Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.
核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。
10. It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
倒装句练习
翻译
1.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会, 而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。 2. 我从没对别人的帮助感到如此感激过。 3.尽管我是位学生,我积累了大量的经验。
4，只有当政府与公民携手,我们才希望能保护好我们的环境。 5.我当时要是你,我会控制好情绪,学会倾听。
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高中英语被动语态讲解及习题（无答案）-word
