英语语言学练习题
Ⅰ. Matching
Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A
10. motivation
1.
19. blending 20. culture 21. learning
displacement
11. arbitrariness
2.
langue
12. competence
3.
suprasegmental feature
13. broad
strategies
transcription
22. selectional
4.
deep structure
14. morphology
restrictions
23. phrase structure
15. category
16. errors 17. componential
5.
predication analysis
rules
24. culture
6.
idiolect pidgin mistakes
7.
diffusion
analysis
8.
18. context
9.
interlanguage
Column B
A.
Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target
language. 9
B.
Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21
C.
The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23
D.
Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24
E.
A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6
F.
A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7
G.
The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents---- arguments and predicates. 5
H.
They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22
I.
The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4
J.
The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3
K.
The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14
L.
The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2
M.
Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1
N.
Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10
O.
The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20
P.
The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18 The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19
Q.
R.
A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15
S.
A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17
T.
The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language. 12 One of the properties of human language. It means that there is
U.
no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11
V.
A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13 They reflect gaps in a learner’s knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16
W.
X.
They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8
Ⅱ.Blank-filling.
Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.
1.
“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” This quotation is a good illustration of the a____ nature of language. Arbitrary
2.
The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study. Diachronic
3.
Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Competence
4.
In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o____. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants. Obstruction
5.
The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a____ of the phoneme. Allophone
6.
Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They are said to be in c____ distribution. Complementary
7.
When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i____. Intonation
8.
The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. Minimum
9.
I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Inflectional
10. Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain
three elements: head, specifier, and c____. Complement
11. Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that
there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept
12. The sense relation between “animal” and “dog” is called h____.
hyponymy
13. P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set
of different meanings. Polysemy
14. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is
whether in the study of meaning the c____ of use is taken into consideration. Context
英语语言学期末试题练习答案
