He said,―These books are mine.‖ →He said that those books were his.
（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。
―I want the blue one.‖ he told us. ―我想要兰色的。‖ 他说。 →He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。 She said to me, ―You can’t do anything now.‖ 她对我说：―此刻你无法做任何事情。‖ →She told me that I couldn’t do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种：
(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如：
―Has he ever worked in Shanghai?‖Jim asked. ―他在上海工作过吗？‖吉姆问。
→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 ―Can you tell me the way to the hospital?‖ The old man asked. 那个老人问：―你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 ―Which room do you live in?‖ He asked. ― →He asked me which room I lived in. ―What do you think of the film?‖ She asked. →She asked her friend what she thought of the film .
你住哪个房间？‖他问我。 他问我住哪个房间。
她问―你怎么看这部电影？‖ 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：
(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。 如： ―Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问：―这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？‖
→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 ―Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?‖ Kate asked. ―你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？‖凯特问。
→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。
3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如： Jack said, ―Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ‖ 杰克说：―玛丽，明天请到我家来。‖ →Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students, ‖Stop talking.‖ 老师对学生们说：―不要讲话了。‖ →The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。 ―Don’t touch anything.‖ He said. ―不要碰任何东西。‖他说。 →He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。 4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则： 直接引语 间接引语 today that day
now then, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that these those come go bring take
(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时 一般现在时 →一般过去时；
现在进行时 →过去进行时； 一般将来时 →过去将来时； 现在完成时 →过去完成时；
Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!
1. at the party 在晚会上 2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事 3. stay at home 呆在家 4. half the class/students 一半学生 5. get injured 受伤
6. have a great time =have a wonderful\\good time 玩得高兴
7. take …away 运走，取走 put away 收起来，放好 8. all the time=always 一直，始终 9. make a living (by doing sth) 谋生
10. in order to do sth… 为了做某事 11. have a party 举行聚会 12. go to college 上大学
13. be famous for… 因??而著称 be famous as? 作为?而出名 14. make money 挣钱 15. in fact 事实上 16. laugh at… 嘲笑
17. get exercise 锻炼 注意（exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词） 18. travel around the world 周游世界 19. work hard 努力工作 20. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤
21. let ... in 允许??进入，嵌入 keep?out 不允许。。进 22. take… away 拿开，拿走 23. study for the test 准备考试
24. make some food 准备食物 make dumplings 做水饺 make the bed 整理床铺 25. children’s hospital
26. give money to schools and charities 给学校和慈善组织
27. play sports for a living 靠体育运动为生
本单元目标句型：
1. If you do, you’ll… 2. I’m going to … 3. You should… 4. Don’t you want to …? 5. Don’t you think ….?
①如果李老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。 If Ms Li goes to the party, we’ll have a great time. ②如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，李老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won’t let you
本单元语法讲解
if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语 从句，表示假设或条件，意思是 ― 如果…的话‖，用法如下：
1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词） a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .
2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民 间谚语等，句型是： If + 句子 （一般现在时 ），+ 主句 （ 一般现在时）. 例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1. raise money for 2. collect stamps 3. run out of… / use up
筹钱 集邮 用尽
4. by the way 顺便说一下 5. on the way to.. 在…的路上 6. be interested in 对…感兴趣 7. more than=over 超过
8. have problems with the language 语言方面有问题
9. an interesting city with a colorful history 一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市 10. three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半
11. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条
12. on my seventh birthday 在我七岁生日的时候 13. the more , the more…
本单元目标句型：
1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了？ 2. I’ve been skating since nine o’clock./since I was four years old.
我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。 3. I’ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小时 。 4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.
我对中国的历史了解得越多， 我就越喜欢住在中国。 5. When did you get your first pair of skate? 本单元语法讲解
现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。 现在完成进行式结构：have / has +been+ doing/
1．I have been writing the letter since then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续） 2．I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。 3． How long have you been living here?你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（―居住‖动作从过去一直现在还在继续）
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：
1现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性：
2如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束， 3现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可：
，Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
1. turn… down/turn… up 2. turn… on/ turn …off 3. move the bike 4. in a minute/right away/at once 5. be late for school/class=arrive late for school 6. wait in line=stand in line 7. cut in line=jump a queue 8. get mad/annoyed 9. happen to sb 10. half an hour 11. at first 12. at last=in the end=finally 13. allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 14. be allowed to do /not to do sth. 15. in public 16. in public places 17. break the rule 18. pick… up 19. put …out 20. drop litter 21. keep the voice down 关小声/调大声音（电器）
打开/关闭（电器） 移动自行车 立刻,马上 上学/上课迟到 排队等候
插队 变得生气
发生在…身上 半小时 首先 最后
允许某人做/不做某事
某人不被允许某人做/不做某事 当众地；公开地；公然地 在公共场所
不遵守规则 捡起
熄灭 扔垃圾 控制声音
22. do the dishes 洗盘子 23. put on another pair of jeans
24. be at a meeting 在开会 本单元目标句型：
1. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打扫院子吗? 2. Not at all. I’ll do it right away. 一点也不. 我马上就扫. 3. Would you mind not playing baseball here. 你介意不要在这打棒球吗? 4. Would you mind giving me a smaller one? 5. Sorry, we’ll go and play in the park. 对不起，我们到公园去打. 6. Could you (please) make dinner? 请做晚饭好吗? 7. That’s no problem . 没问题.
8. Could you (please) not feed the dog?=Would you mind not feeding the dog?= Would you (please) not
feed the dog?=Please don’t feed the dog, will you?请不要喂狗好吗 9. 看到有人抽烟你可以说：Could you please put out that cigarette? 10. 看到有人乱丢垃圾你可以说：Would you mind picking it up? 11. 看到有人插队你可以说：Sorry, would you mind joining the line?
常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结
使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如： 1.He is watching TV in the room. 2.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night. 2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball？ What /How about doing sth? 做某事怎么样? I am interested in playing football.
5.在以下结构中
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
9.
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事； finish doing sth； 完成做某事； feel like doing sth 想要做某事； stop doing sth 停止做某事（原来的事） forget doing sth 忘记做过某事； go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）； remember doing sth 记得做过某事； like doing sth 喜欢做某事；
find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做
10. try doing sth 11. need doing sth 12. prefer doing sth 13. mind doing sth 14. miss doing sth 15. practice doing sth 16. be busy doing sth 17. can't help doing sth 试图做某事； 需要做某事； 宁愿做某事； 介意做某事； 错过做某事； 练习做某事； 忙于做某事； 禁不住做某事；
18. waste time/money doing 浪费时间/金钱做…; 19. keep sb.doing 让…始终/一直做… 20 have fun doing sth 做某事很开心 21.stop sb.(from)doing
阻止某人做某事
22 refer doing B to doing B=like A better than A喜欢做A更喜欢做B 23―do some +doing‖短语 如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do
some speaking
23．―go doing‖短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）
如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go
boating /go hunting (打猎)
.注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配:
I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ /tired/pleased/worried/lost
a boy called/named Tom 一个叫汤姆的男孩
amazed
/interested
Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
1. fall asleep 2. give… away 3. rather than 4. would do…rather than do 5. hear of… 6. make friends with 7. too personal 8. not interesting\\special \\creative enough 9. make a special meal 10. an 8-year-old child 11. these days 12. not…at all
入睡
赠送；分发
宁愿…而不是，胜于 宁愿做…不愿做 听说
和……交友 太私人化 不够有趣
做一顿特别的饭 一个八岁的孩子 最近 根本不
八年级（下）短语及句型
