介词
一、介词概述
1、介词的定义: 介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语在 句中与其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当 于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语, 状语,表语和宾语补足语。
2、介词的分类: 时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词等。
3. 介词短语的句法作用
介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。 (1)作定语
介词短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语。 The book on the desk is very interesting. 书桌上的那本书很有趣。
China is a great country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 (2)作状语
介词短语作状语时,一般放在动词后面或句末、句首。用来表示时间、地点、目的、方式和原因等。
The basketball match will start at nine. 篮球比赛将在9点开始。(表示时间) He likes to swim in the river.
他喜欢去河里游泳。(表示地点) I went there to get my book back.
我去那里取回我的书。(表示目的) I came here by bike.
我骑自行车来到这里。(表示方式) She was trembling with fear. 她吓得直发抖。(表示原因) (3)作表语
介词短语作表语时,一般放在be动词和连系动词之后。 I’m on duty today. 今天我值日。
My English teacher is from Australia. 我的英语老师来自澳大利亚。 (4)作宾语补足语
介词短语作宾语补足语时,一般放在宾语之后。 I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切状况良好。
When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital. 当他醒来时,他发现自己在医院里。
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二、介词考点纵览 知识点考点 考点1:in 的 用 法 。 考点对应典型例题剖析 考点一: 表示时间的介词 ① 与morning, afternoon, evening连用表示在上午、下午、晚上。 They always play basketball in the afternoon. 他们经常在下午打篮球。 Don’t eat too much in the evening. 晚上不要吃太多。 ② 表示在某世纪、年代、年、月、季节的含义时。 She came to this factory in 1970. 她是在1970年来到这个工厂工作的。 It often snows heavily here in winter. 这儿冬天经常下大雪。 ③ 表示从现在起一段时间以后。(这个用法常用将来时) Tom will be back from America in a week. 汤姆一周之后将从美国回来。 I will go to visit you in a month. 一个月后我将会去拜访你。 典型例题 1 The train is starting ___five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. of 答案:A 典型例题 2 Mrs. Brown came to China ____ 1996. A. on B. of C. to D. in 答案:D 典型例题 3 I like making snowmen ___ winter. A. in B. at C. for D. on 答案:A 考点2: at的用法。 2
① 表示某一具体时刻(几点几分时)。 She gets up at seven o'clock in the morning. 她早晨七点钟起床。 Bella got home at eight yesterday evening. Bella昨晚八点钟到家。 ② 用在特定的时候(时节、时机)。 We were happy at that time. 我们那个时候很幸福。 I think the school has been closed at this time. 我想学校这个时间已经关门了。 ③ 与noon、night、weekends连用。 You can see many stars in the sky at night. 在夜里你会看到天空有许多星星。 What do you always do at noon? 你中午经常做些什么? ④ 表示“在??岁”时。 At the age of two, the girl could run. 在2岁的时候,这个小女孩就会跑了。 典型例题 1 The English teacher told me to get there____ half past ten. A in B. at C. on D. of 答案:B 典型例题 2 He often goes ____ school ____ six thirty. A. for; to B. to; at C. to; for D, for; at 答案:B 典型例题 3 I often have lunch ____ noon. A. for B. to C. in D. at 答案:D 考点3:on的用法。 ① 表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。 Jack was born on May 10th,1982. 杰克生于1982年5月10日。 They left on a rainy morning. 他们是在一个雨天的早上离开的。 ② 表示“在星期几”或“在星期几的早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。 We don’t go to school on Saturday and Sunday. 我们星期六和星期天不上学。 What time do you get up on weekdays? 你在平日什么时候起床?
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I heard this story on Saturday morning. 我是在星期六的早晨听到这个故事的。 ③ 表示“在某一节日”时,须用介词on。 We usually eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival. 我们通常在中秋节吃月饼。 Mr. Hu received a card on Teachers’Day. 胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。 注意:当morning, evening, afternoon被of短语修饰时,习惯上用on, 而不用in。 on the early morning of September 10th 在9月10的清晨 典型例题 1 He went back to America a summer afternoon. A in B. at C. on D. of 答案:C 典型例题 2 He often goes to the library ____ Saturday morning. A. on B. at C. to D, for 答案:A 典型例题 3 I met him ____ the late afternoon of September 12th A. for B. to C. on D. at 答案:C 考点4:before、after和from的用法。 ① before表示“在??之前”。 Wash your hands before dinner. 在晚餐之前你要洗手。 I have to finish my homework before 10 o’ clock. 我不得不在十点之前完成家作。 ② after表示“在??之后”。 They often play football after class. 他们经常在下课后踢足球 My father often watches TV after dinner. 我爸爸经常晚饭后看电视。 ③ from表示时间时,常和to连用,构成from?to?的结构,表示“从?到?”。 He kept on working from seven to twelve last night. 他昨晚从7点一直工作到12点。 I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我周一到周五要去学校。 典型例题 1 经理七点后回来。 翻译:The manager will come back after seven o’clock. 典型例题 2 三天后,我去参加了一个聚会。 翻译:After three days I went to a party.
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典型例题 3 她从早唱到晚。 翻译:She is singing from morning to night. 考点1:in的用法。 ① 表示在较大的地方。 in the factory 在工厂 in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国 ② 表示“在??里面”。 There are many apples in the box. 盒子里有许多苹果。 He put his hands in his pockets. 他把他的手放进口袋。 典型例题 1 They arrived at the famous town ___ South Jiangsu. A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案:A 典型例题 2 She is living ___ Nanjing. A. on B. in C. at D. of 答案:B 典型例题 3 Can you see the book ___ the box? A. at B. in C. on D. of 答案:B 考点二: 表示地点、方位的介词 考点2:at的用法。 ① 表示在较狭窄较小的地方。 Shall we meet at the station?我们在车站见面好吗? ② 用于门牌号码前。 He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 他住在中山路115号 典型例题 1 They arrived at the famous town ___ South Jiangsu. A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案:A 典型例题 2 Do you notice the bread ___ the table? A. on B. in C. at D. of 答案:C 典型例题 3 My brother stayed ___home last night. A. at B. in C. on D. Of 答案:A 5