（初升高）高一英语衔接班第
一、学习目标：
了解高中阅读理解题的特点，二、学习要点：
6讲——阅读理解（一）1
掌握应对不同类型阅读理解题的做题技巧，提高阅读能力
了解阅读理解题型中事实细节题的特点，掌握做题技巧了解阅读理解题型中主旨大意题的特点，掌握做题技巧三、课程精讲：（一）重点知识讲解
阅读理解作为高中考查学生语言能力的重点，1）能把握阅读材料的主要线索、时间和空间顺序
2）掌握阅读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。3）理解文中具体信息：既能理解具体事实，也能理解抽象概念。4）根据材料所提供的信息，通过上下文推断生词的词义。
5）能够根据材料所提供的信息，根据学生应具备的知识，正确作出简单推理和判断。6）理解文章基本结构，能够理解某句、某段的含义，并能把握全篇的文脉，并以此进行推理和判断。
7）既要理解字面的意义，也要理解深层次含义，也就是理解作者的意图和态度。高考英语的阅读理解也围绕这一要求来命题，
基本上可分为五类：主旨大意题、细节判
断题、综合信息题、猜测词义题、推理判断题。本节课我们来介绍前三类型：1. 主旨大意题
1）这类题型常见的提问方式有：What’s the main idea of the passage?What does the passage mainly discuss? From the passage we can learn/ conclude thatA good/suitable title for this passage would be 2）主题句
主题句位于段首：先立论，再摆事实。例：
People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the beach out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were straight-backed chairs. There among the oilcans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.
Which sentence is the topic sentence? 主题句位于段末：先摆事实，后作结论。例：
Sitting is an art that isn’t getting passed along…People used to sit a whole lot…
…
…．
Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
《考试大纲》提出了明确的要求：
Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner…
That sort of thing looks like doing noting. A recharging battery (正充电的电池) doesn’t look as if it’s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don’t just do something—sit there.
What message does the author try to tell us?
A. People should make better use of their sitting room. B. People should spend less time watching TV. C. People should pass down their good habits. D. People should take things easy for their own good.
主题句隐含在段意之中：没有明显的主题句，其中心思想包含在各个句子中。例：
A close friend said: “If I could only figure this out, I think I could find happiness.have heard this before and will hear it again I am sure.
Many people believe that finding happiness is all about finding something else they want. Not many have ever found long term happiness by achieving another goal. The answer to finding happiness is to look within yourself.
In other words, happiness is a completely inside job. The most important piece to find happiness is to comprehend happiness is a choice and not the result of an experience. If all happiness could be found as the result of an acquisition(成就), meeting a goal, or having anything, then a person
’s happiness would always be subject to something else.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Look within to find happiness.
B. Happiness, a choice or the result of an experience? C. The definition of happiness D. How can we create happiness?
3）选项特点
正确选项：不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词，能概括文章全部内容。错误选项：是对细节部分的概括，常含绝对意义的词。2. 细节判断题
1）这类题型常见的提问方式有：
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true/ True ? Which of the following is NOT considered as …？
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons
for … ?
What/Who/When/Where/How/Why…？2）做细节题要用原文定位法
根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句子、段落的内容，再仔细对照。Ⅰ. 从原文直接找到答案所需的信息。
在解答这类题时，我们可采用“对号入座”的方法。例：
”
“Ｔhe popularity of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in anything new.” says university lecturer and writer Takashi Satio, “By using a foreign word you can make a subject seem new, which makes it easier for the media to pick up.”
What advantages do foreign words have over traditional Japanese words? A. The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new. B. Foreign words are best suited for announcement. C. Foreign words make a new subject easier to understand. D. The use of foreign words makes the media more popular. Ⅱ. 对信息进行加工。
这类题目我们能够在文章中找到信息，例：
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can
’t fix the damage.
Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that________. A. the time is too short for doctors B. the patients are often too nervous C. the damage is extremely hard to fix
D. the blood-cooling machine might breakdown 3. 综合信息题。
这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，散落在文章的不同段落，冠李戴。
例：
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeysbrain’s temperature was 10
’ brains. When the
°C, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he
还可能涉及文章的几句话，
而且有时可能
因此要求我们把原文提供的信息综合起来分析，
不能断章取义，张
但原文信息又不是做题所直接需要的，
因此需要
我们对原文信息进行合理的加工处理，据此作简单推理。
turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
What is the right order of the steps in the operation? a. send the cooled blood back to the brain b. stop the blood to the brain c. have the blood cooled down d. operate on the brain A. a, b, c, d （二）即学即练
A
B. c, a, b, d
C. c, b, d, a
D. b, c, d, a
A British baby, who seven weeks ago became the world’s youngest heart and lung transplant (移植)，died of lung failure today. Jem was only ten weeks old when he received the operation at a hospital outside London. 1. Which of the following is true？A. Jem was the youngest baby. B. Jem was a British baby.
C. Jem was the youngest doctor at a hospital outside London. D. Jem failed to operate on his patient. 2. How old was the baby when he died? A. seventy days C. about 120 days A. An operation failure B. A British baby
C. How and why Jem died
D. The world’s youngest heart and lung transplant patient
B
Mrs. Fay saved for months to buy coat in the summer sales. Then after queuing for nine days she set fire to the coat, valued at $795 and bought by her in the sale for $79.
As every woman’s dream disappeared in smoke, she said: “I am very pleased. I hate the fur trade because it is cruel to animals. 150 minks (貂) have died to make this jacket.”1. Mrs. Fay was ________ A. a rich lady
C. a housewife without much money
B. a poor woman D. a housewife of wealth B. about twenty-one days D. forty-nine days
3. The best title for the passage should be __________
2. She bought the coat for much less money than it was valued because__________ A. there were few people buying fur coat. B. the price in the summer sales was lower. C. she had no more money for it.
D. there were many people buying for coats.
3. Mrs. Fay bought the coat in order to __________ by burning it. A. please herself
C. express her kindness to animals （三）高考链接
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors canmight make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys
’ blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the
they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors
B. make the people looking on surprised D. do something for animal-protecting
’t fix the damage. Somet
blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’ s temperature was 10C, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the °blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
1. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _______. A. the time is too short for doctors B. the patients are often too nervous C. the damage is extremely hard to fix
D. the blood-cooling machine might break down
2. The brain operation was made possible mainly by _______. A. taking the blood out of the brain B. trying the operation on monkeys first C. having the blood go through a machine D. lowering the brain3. With Dr. White
’s temperature
’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain _______.
’s blood warm
’s brain healthy
A. can last as long as 30 minutes B. can keep the brainC. can keep the patient
D. can help monkeys do different jobs
4. What is the right order of the steps in the operation? a. send the cooled blood back to the brain b. stop the blood to the brain c. have the blood cooled down d. operate on the brain A. a, b, c, d 四、下讲预告
下一讲将讲解阅读理解题型中推理判断题和猜测词义题的做题技巧。【同步练习】（答题时间：35分钟）
A
Clive was climbing an old tree on Butter Hill. His father and Mr. Drew were making conversation not far away, which Clive could overhear.
“…North Dakota, capital Bismarck,said Clive”’s father.
“Yes, and of South Dakota it’Pierre. Delaware s next, capital Dover, with a population of only 5,000
…”
Clive listened, checking the names. When they got stuck on Indiana, he came down the tree and went across to them.
“Let me see now,”Mr. Drew was saying, “Indiana, Indiana… the capital must be Fort Wayne.”
“No,s”aid the other, “Indianapolis,said Clive. ”
“I think it
’s Evansville.
”
”
“That’s the easiest of all to remember.
B. c, a, b, d
C. c, b, d, a
D. b, c, d, a
(初升高)高一英语衔接班第6讲——阅读理解(一)
