The difference between the attributive clause and the appositive clause定语从句与同位语从句的区别

定语从句与同位语从句的区别 适用学科 教学目标 高中英语 学生姓名 通过学习掌握定语从句与同位语从句的区别，以利于阅读材料的理解和灵活表达自己感情或思想。 学习重点 学习难点 定语从句与同位语从句的判断，引导词的选择的不同 被修饰词与从句的关系的判断 知识点1：定语从句

概念：句子充当定语，修饰限定某个名词或代词，整个从句的作用相当于形容词，所以定语从句也可称为形容词性从句，翻译为“………的”。 如：She has told me everything that you told her.

词句中的 that you told her 为定语从句，that在从句中充当宾语。翻译为：“你告诉他的”，结合主句，整个复合句翻译为：她已经告诉了我你告诉她的一切。 知识点2：同位语从句

概念：用句子充当同位语，此从句是对某个抽象有内含的名词进行解释说明，也可以说，此从句是用来陈述某个名词的内容。 如：I have known the fact that you failed in the exam.

词句中的 that you failed in the exam 就是作为抽象名词fact 的具体内容。也就是说，事实的具体内容是：你考试失败了。注意，此句中的引导词that 不作成分，只起连接作用。同位语从句经常用来解释说明抽象名词如：news , fact , question, truth, doubt, evidence 等。

如：You didn’t answer me the question where you were born.

He came from the government with the news that they would build a bridge in the city.

知识点3：定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1．意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语是可以划等号的，即被修

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饰词等于整个从句的内容，被修饰词在从句中补充当任何成分；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它与被修饰词之间是不可以划等号的，被修饰词只是从句的一部分，即在从句中充当某种成分。

We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come，即news=从句，故本句是由that引导的同位语从句)

We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(news是他告诉我们的内容，即news是从句的一部分，故本句是由that引导的定语从句) 2. 引导词的不同

定语从句的引导词只有who/whom，which，whose，that，when，where，why，而同位语从句的引导词更多，还可以用what, how, whether 等可引导，但不引导定语从句。如： 定语从句

The girl who (that) is drawing is Jim’s sister. 正在画画的那个女孩是Jim的姐姐。 He is the man whom(that) we saw yesterday.他就是我们昨天见到的那个人。

The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影非常棒。 The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.两岸都是树的那条河很长。 I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star.我永远不会忘记见到我最喜欢的明星的那一天。

Jurassic Park is about a park where a very rich man keeps different kinds of dinosaurs.侏罗纪公园是关于一个非常富有的人在里面养了很多恐龙的一个公园。

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他总是迟到的原因。 同位语从句

We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。（注意：引导同位语从句的that通常不可以省略）

Answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的问题：你来不来。 Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗? I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。 He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么离开。 3. 引导词的功能不同

在定语从句中，引导词代替先行词在从句中充当一定成分；同位语从句中，引导词也可以在从句中充当一定成分，但其与被修饰的名词并无关系。

The news that he is still alive surprises everyone.他还活着这个消息让每一个人都很吃惊。（同

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位语从句，that在从句中补充当任何成分）

The news that he brought back surprises everyone.他带回来的这个消息让每个人都很吃惊。（定语从句，that=news，在从句中充当宾语）

We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice. 我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句，why在从句中充当状语，且与problem无任何关系 )

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句，when=the days，在从句中作状语) 4. 被修饰词语的区别

同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： I have no idea when they will come. 我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

His promise that he will donate a school for the local children is worth nothing.他将为当地孩子捐建一所学校的承诺不值一钱。(同位语从句 )

例题精析

【例题1】

(2024·江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________the meeting would be

postponed. A．when B．that C．whether D．how 【答案】B

【解析】句意：会议将被推迟的通知下午2点钟左右发布。分析句式结构可知，所填词语引

导的从句________the meeting would be postponed说明的是主语the notice的内容，即同位语从句。由于从句与先行词the notice被主句谓语部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，从而加大了识别的难度。从句内容完整，不需要添加when或how作状语，也不含有不确定因素，不能使用whether，故选B项。 【例题2】

(2024·天津卷)Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many

diseases. A．what B．which C．that D．where 【答案】C

【解析】句意：现代科学已经提供了明确的证据，吸烟能引发多种疾病。smoking can lead to

many diseases作名词evidence的同位语从句，解释evidence 的具体内容，而且同位语从句中主谓宾成分齐全，因而选择不作任何成分也没有任何意义的that来引导。

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【例题3】

(2024·上海春招)I have no idea ________the journalist could have got his information from. A．that B．why C．which D．where 【答案】D

【解析】根据语意“我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息”可知，此处应用where引导同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容，所以这里选D项。 【例题4】

(2024·上海市闵行区高三二模)The question came up at the meeting ________we had enough money for our research.

A．whether B．that C．which D．what 【答案】A

【解析】句意：在会议上，是否有足够的资金能够用于研究的问题被提出。whether引导同位语从句解释question，符合语意。 【例题5】

(2024·台州二调)His promise ________he would give away half of the year's income to the disabled turned out a lie，________made the public feel cheated. A．which；what B．that；which C．what；which D．which；that 【答案】B

【解析】句意：他把年收入的一半捐赠给残疾人的诺言最后变成了一个谎言。that引导同位语从句解释promise。第二空引导定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，因此用which。

课堂运用

【基础】

1．Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas. (2024上海春季高考)

A. which B. that C. what D. whether

2. Information____ was put forward will be taken into consideration. A. what B. that C. when D. as

3. I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly. A. what B. which C. why D. that 【巩固】

4. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. When

5.The news ____ he brought back surprised us greatly. A. what B. which C. why D. when

6. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. It

7. The suggestion ____ he proposed in the meeting was turned down.

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A. which B. what C.who D. it 8．(2024·银川三模)The problem will appear ________a different welfare system will be created. A．what B．whether C．which D．that

9.The problem________ appeared in different welfare systems will be solved. A．what B．whether C．which D．when 10．(2024·石家庄一模)It is difficult to fill the minds of kids with the idea ________they must love study. A．which B．what C．whether D．that 【拔高】

11．(2024·临沂二模)Word came ________a gas explosion in a gold mine in Northeast China had killed a few miners，________shocked everyone. A．that；it B．where；that C．that；which D．when；it 12．(2024·福州毕业班质检)Up to now，I haven't got any idea ________we should go on with the project. A．that B．whether C．what D．Which 13.Up to now，I haven't got any idea ________is about the project. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 14．—How are you getting along with your project?

—I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me ________I could work with my roommate Tim.

A．that B．how C．why D．whether

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