论文聚酯多元醇生产工艺及分析

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XXX学院岗位技术总结（毕业论文）

题目聚酯多元醇生产工艺及分析

姓名 XXXXXX 所在系部应用化学系专业班级高聚物0922 指导教师 XX老师

企业指导老师 XXXX 实习单位江苏华大新材料有限公司

2012 年 04 月

聚酯多元醇生产工艺及分析

摘要

聚酯多元醇，有机物，通常是由有机二元羧酸与多元醇缩合,或由内酯与多元醇聚合而成。不同品种的聚酯多元醇由于种类不同或制备工艺不一样，性质也不一样，对于聚酯多元醇比较重要的几个指标是羟值、酸值、水分、粘度、分子量、密度以及色度等。聚酯多元醇的特性及用途：聚酯型聚氨酯因分子内含有较多的酯基、氨基等极性基团，内聚强度和附着力强，具有较高的强度、耐磨性。以己二酸和不同多元醇为原料，经酯化、缩聚合成己二酸系聚酯多元醇,工业上生产聚酯多元醇常采用真空脱水法，即在真空条件下以钛酸四丁酯为催化剂，二元酸和二元醇进行缩聚反应，合成一定分子量的聚酯多元醇。从事聚氨酯( PU) 合成革的生产, 根据该废水可生化性较差(BOD5 / COD< 0.3) ,有机物浓度、悬浮物含量和色度均较大,且含有难生物降解的有机物,水质成分复杂的特点,选择了“厌氧和好氧”相结合的处理方式。厌氧工艺采用水解酸化技术,好氧工艺采用生物接触氧化法技术。运行结果表明, 经该工艺处理后, 废水中的COD、BOD5、NH3-N年等指标均能达标排放,有利于企业的可持续发展。

关键词：聚酯多元醇，合成，真空度

聚酯多元醇生产工艺及分析

Abstract

Polyester polyols organic compounds are usually composed of organic carboxyli acid and Polyols condensation or by a lactone and polyol polymerizing . Different varieties of polyester polyols as different types or different preparation technology , properties are not the same , for the polester polyol several important indexes of hydroxyl value , acid value , moisture is viscosity , molecular weight , density and chroma . Polyester polyol characteristics and uses : polyerster polyurethane for molecule contains more amino ester , a polar group , production of polyester polyol vacuum dewatering method is often used . In order to adipic acid and polybasic alcohol as raw material , through esterification , polycondensation of polyester polyol synthesis of adipic acid, namely in the vacuum condition with buty titanate four as catalyst , diacid and diol for condensation reaction , syntyhesion of certain molecular weight polyester polyol , cohesive strength ang strong adhesion high strength , wear resistance . Engaged in polyurethane (PU ) synthetic leaher production , according to the biodegradability of wastewater is poor ( BOD5/COD<0.3 ) , concentration of organic matter ,suspended matter content chromaticity are larger , and containing bio-refractory organic matter ,water quality constituents in compound Miscellaneous charateristics , choose “ anaerobic and aerobic ” combined treatment . Anaerobic process using hydrolytic acidification technology ,aerobic technology . Art by biological contact oxidation technolytic . The running results show that , after being treated with this technique , wastewater COD ,BOD5,NH3-N indicators can reach the standard of discharge , is conducive to the sustainable development of enterprises .

Keywords: polyester polyols ，synthetic，vacuum degree

聚酯多元醇生产工艺及分析

1 聚酯多元醇的概念及用途研究................................................................................ 1

1.1聚酯多元醇的概念........................................................................................... 1 1.2聚酯多元醇的用途........................................................................................... 1 1.3聚酯多元醇的发展状况及研究意义............................................................... 2 2 合成聚酯多元醇概述................................................................................................ 2

2.1合成聚酯多元醇的原材料............................................................................... 2 2.2聚酯多元醇反应机理....................................................................................... 2 2.3聚酯多元醇的制备方法................................................................................... 4 2.4聚酯多元醇的合成工艺................................................................................... 4 2.5合成聚酯多元醇的影响因素........................................................................... 5 3.不同结构聚酯多元醇的合成..................................................................................... 5

3．1引言................................................................................................................ 5 3．2实验主要原料及处理方法............................................................................ 6 3.3聚酯多元醇PEPA．R的合成 ........................................................................ 6 3.4聚酯多元醇PEPA．B的合成 ........................................................................ 7 3.5聚酯多元醇PEPA．A的合成 ........................................................................ 7 3.6醇酸摩尔比对聚酯多元醇的影响................................................................... 8 3.7小结................................................................................................................... 9 4 水可分散型磺化聚酯多元醇的合成........................................................................ 9

4.1引言................................................................................................................... 9 4.2实验主要原料................................................................................................. 10 4.3合成路线......................................................................................................... 10 4.4合成工艺步骤................................................................................................. 11 4.5水可分散型聚酯多元醇的表征..................................................................... 11 4.6结果与讨论..................................................................................................... 12 5 多元醇生产的中控分析.......................................................................................... 13

5.1酸值分析......................................................................................................... 14 5.2羟值分析......................................................................................................... 15 5.3粘度分析......................................................................................................... 16 5.4色数测定......................................................................................................... 16 5.5水分测定......................................................................................................... 17 6 聚酯多元醇的精益生产工艺.................................................................................. 17

6.1实验................................................................................................................. 17 6.2工艺步骤......................................................................................................... 20 6.2.1准备工作...................................................................................................... 20 6.2.2精己二酸的添加.......................................................................................... 21 6.2.3反应阶段...................................................................................................... 22 6.2.4 抽真空及影响............................................................................................. 24 6.3废水处理......................................................................................................... 26 7 总结与展望.............................................................................................................. 31 附录........................................................................................................................ 32

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聚酯多元醇生产工艺及分析

参考文献...................................................................................................................... 34 致谢........................................................................................................................ 35