第一部分
●教材复习?选修8●
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[话题素材——多元文化]
好词
1．racen. 种族 2．racism n. 种族歧视 3．expand vi. 扩展 4．immigrantn. 移民 5．religion n. 宗教 6．as a whole 总体来说 7．culture shock 文化冲击 8．crowd into 涌入 9．make a fortune 发财 10．way of life 生活方式 11．cultural symbols 文化标志 12．settle down 定居
13．cultural background 文化背景
14．in the course of 在……期间；在……过程中 15．make joint efforts 做出共同努力 佳句
1．Race has_always_been_a_hot_button in this country's history. 种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的问题。 2．China and America are_abundant_in natural resources. 中美两国拥有丰富的自然资源。
3．The history of the early immigrants makes_us_thankful_for our life today. 早期移民者的历史使我们感恩今天的生活。
[精美语篇]
In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich attracted the Chinese. However, few achieved their dream. The majority still chose to remain in California to make a life despite great hardship. Their cells were cold and damp, but they had nowhere to go. Their miserable life seemed to be punishment rather than justice. They wrote poems to mourn their former life in China. In the meanwhile, they applied for right to live in the USA, but it was not until the civil authorities reformed the system that they were able to grasp the opportunity.
The customs and languages live on in their new home.
Today, a large percentage of Chinese-Americans live in the Chinatowns, still keeping up
their Chinese culture. The history of the early immigrants makes us thankful for our life today.
高频单词
有意义的
2．boom (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于迅速发展时期
3．majority (n.) 大多数；大半→major (adj.) 主要的& (v.) 主修→minority (n.) 少数；少数民族→minor (adj.) 较小的；次要的
4．distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction (n.) 差别；区分；卓著 5．indicate (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication (n.) 象征；标示；表明；暗示 6．racial (adj.) 人种的；种族的→race (n.) 种族；比赛→racism (n.) 种族主义；种族歧视
7．elect (vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election (n.) 选举
8．appear (v.) 看上去；出现→apparent (adj.) 显而易见的；表面上的→apparently (adv.) 表面上地
9．applicant (n.) 申请人→apply (vi.) 申请→application (n.) 申请书；申请
10．society (n.) 社会→social (adj.) 社会的→socialism (n.) 社会主义→socialist (n.) 社会主义者
11．punish (v.) 惩罚→punishment (n.) 惩罚
12．occur (vi.) 发生；出现→occurence (n.) 事件；发生的事 13．luggage (n.) 行李
重点短语
1．by_means_of 用……方法；借助…… 2．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 3．team_up_with 与某人合作或一起工作 4．take_in 包括；吸收 5．live_on 继续存在
6．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 7．apply_for 申请；请示得到 8．back_to_back 背靠背
9．mark_out 画线；标出……界线 10．a_great_many 许多
热点句型
1．It is likely that...“很可能……”
However, it_is_likely_that (很可能)Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)
1．means (n.) 方法、手段→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (v.) 打算；意味→meaningful (adj.)
2．why引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”
That_is_why(那就是为什么)today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材P2)
3．过去分词作原因状语
People from different parts of the world, attracted_by (被吸引)the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. (教材P2)
4．名词性从句作介词后宾语
Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as California, no one really knows.(教材P2)
没有人真正知道，第一批开拓者到达我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的确切时间。 5．It 作形式主语的主语从句
It_is_believed_that (人们认为)before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. (教材P3)
教材复现
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, ________ (attract) people from all over the world.
答案：having attracted 分词的完成式表示该动作发生于句子谓语动词之前。且主语It和attract之间为主动关系。
2．The customs and languages of the immigrants live ________ in their new home. 答案：on live on“继续存在；继续生存”。
3．Exactly when the first people arrived in ________ we now know as California, no one really knows.
答案：what arrive in后的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
4．The dream of becoming rich ________ (quick) attracted people from all ________ the world.
答案：quickly; over 第一空考查副词用法，副词修饰动词attract；第二空考查固定搭配all over the world“遍及全世界”。
5．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means ________ a land bridge.
答案：of by means of“借助……；用……方法”。
6．In addition, many died from the diseases ________ (bring) by the Europeans. 答案：brought diseases与bring为被动关系，故填过去分词brought。 7．In the 18th century California ________ (rule) by Spain.
答案：was ruled 句意：在十八世纪，加利福尼亚被西班牙统治。由句意可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps ________ their Danish culture.
答案：up keep up“维持；沿袭(风俗等)”。
9．It's a 79 km round-trip that takes ________ all the famous tourist spots. 答案：in take in“包括；吸收”。
10．From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied ________ right to live in USA.
答案：for apply for“申请”。
1meansn．手段；方法(单复数同形)
Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(P2)
科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
by this means 用这种方法 by means of 通过；用；借助于
by no means＝in no way＝ in no case＝on no account＝at no time 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题 a_means_of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
①[2014·上海高考]By_means_of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support.
通过梳理——用刷子清洗毛皮，猴子与其他个体形成群体来获得支持。
②[2013·重庆高考]In other words, English weather-speak is a_means_of social bonding. 换句话说，英国谈论天气是一种社交联系的方式。
③[必背佳句]Only by_this_means can you work out the problem. 只有用这种方法你才能解出这道题。 2majorityn．大多数；大半
Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (P2)
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。
(1)a/the majority of...＝most of...大多数 be_in_a/the_majority 构成大多数/大部分 (2)majoradj.主要的 vi.专修；主攻
(3)major in 主修…… (4)minorityn．少数；少数派/人
(5)the majority和the minority单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数形式；但其后表语是复数时，谓语动词通常也要用复数。
(6)“the/a majority of＋名词”用作主语，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。 ①[2014·安徽高考]If you look at the audience at a classical concert, the_majority is over the age of fifty.
如果你看一下古典音乐会上的观众的话，大多数都在五十岁以上。
②[2013·广东高考]The_majority_of citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless.
大部分市民认为普通的工作无聊甚至是无价值的。 ③What subject did you major_in when you were in university? 你在大学主修什么科目？ 3occurvi.发生；出现
It didn't occur to me that...(P5) 我没有想到……
sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起…… it occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]As they went down, the weather got worse. Then another trouble occurred. 当他们继续往下走的时候，天气变得越来越糟糕，接着另一个麻烦又出现了。 ②[2015·广东高考]Now, it_occurred_to_him_that his farm had much potential. 现在他突然想到他的农场还有很大的潜力。 ③It_struck_her_that she ought to make a new plan. 她突然想起她应当拟一个新计划。 4indicatevt.指出；标示；表明
Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(P7)
试着用以上表达来表明你在认真倾听你的搭档的话。
(1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物 indicate that... 示意；表明 as...indicate 正如……所示 (2)indication n. 指示；象征；预示
【金版教程】2017届英语人教版一轮复习教案：选修8 unit 1 Word版含解析全面版
