developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed and accused of the super model (Super Model ) of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has
already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present.
The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the
development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, i.e. closed developing stage. In this stages,
technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of the technology of numerical control is comparatively slow.
During \country in second stage and earlier stage in \introduce technology , digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is that on the later stage in \Eighth Five-Year Plan Period \Period \At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In \
domestic numerical control domestic market share of lathe reach 50% , mix domestic numerical control system (popular ) to up to 10%.
Review the development course in the past 50 years of technology of
numerical control of our country, especially pass the brainstorm of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements.
a. Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical
control, has basically mastered the technology of modern numerical control. Our country know from numerical control system , servo urge , numerical control host computer , special plane and their basic of fittings basically already now, among them most technology have already possessed the foundation that is commercialized and developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized.
a.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In
tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize , set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity of batch such as numerical control of Central China , spaceflight numerical control etc.. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, a batch of servo systems and first machine tool plant , first machine tool plant of Jinan of servo electrical machinery factory and Beijing ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories such as the numerical control in Central China. These factories have basically formed the numerical control industrial base of our country.
b.Have set up research of a numerical control, development , managerial
talent''s basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and
development and industrialization of the technology of numerical control, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced
numerical control of our country, there is greater disparity between current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level especially in industrialization. Though very fast from longitudinal development to watch our country, horizontal until (contrast with foreign countries ) , the engineering level has disparity, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, i.e. the disparity of engineering level between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world , estimate roughly as follows about the numerical control engineering level of our country and industrialization level.
a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10- 1 years with the
advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology.
b.At the industrialization level, the market share is low, the variety
coverage rate is low, have not formed the large-scale production yet; Function part specialized level of production and form a complete set ability to be lower;
Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high,the commercialized intensity is insufficient; Not setting up one''s own brand effect yet in domestic numerical control system, users have insufficient confidence.
c.At the ability of sustainable development, to competition numerical
control research and development of technology, engineered ability weaker;
Numerical control technological application expand efforts to be better; The research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lags behind.
It is analyzed that the main reason for having disparity described above has
the following several respect.
a.Realize the respect. Know to domestic numerical control industry process
arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic insufficiently; One that is to market unstandard, foreign blockade add strangle , system ,etc. underestimate while being difficult; It is not enough to analyze to technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country.
b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many
in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue
synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Set up intact related system , complete training , service network ,etc. of high quality support the system.
c.Mechanism. The bad mechanism causes the brain drain , restraining
technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. d.Technology. Enterprises are indifferent in autonomous innovation in technology, key technology is engineered and indifferent. Lathe standard lag behind, level relatively low, numerical control system new standard study enoughly.
4. Strategic thinking until technology and
industrialization of numerical control of our country develop
Our country of strategic consideration makes the big country , should try
hard to accept the front instead of the back transformation in the world industry shifts , should master and make key technology advancedly , otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, of our country manufacturing industry
step forward \possibility got to exchange \manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously.
We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention
to the technology of numerical control and industry''s question , at first seen from
social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can
improve the people''s living standard but also can relieve the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from security of national defence, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realize embargo and restriction to our country, \Cox Report \
Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our
country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of the national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the
comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose the support technology that the initial our country makes the key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and supports the development of industrialization in 21st century of leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump type development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development.
Emphasize market demand is a direction, take terminal products of
numerical control as the core , with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine , high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe , model digitized machinery , key industry key equipment ,etc. ) drive numerical control development of industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The
dependability in (digitized servo system and electrical machinery , electric main shaft system of high speed and new attachment that equip ,etc. ) and production scale question. There are no products without high dependability of scale ; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale ; Certainly, it is difficult finally to have the day to hold up head that there is no Chinese numerical control equipment of scale .
In equipping researching and developing high-grade , precision and
advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of end user, regard \problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. The technology of numerical control, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the numerical control industry of our country , sustainable development of the equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry.
1.关于数控系统设计开发规范
开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性，美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划，并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定，世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定，预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。
2.关于数控标准
数控标准是制造业信息化发展的一种趋势。数控技术诞生后的50年间的信息交换都是基于ISO6983标准，即采用G，M代码描述如何（how）加工，其本质特征是面向加工过程，显然，他已越来越不能满足现代数控技术高速发展的需要。为此，国际上正在研究和制定一种新的CNC系统标准ISO14649（STEP－NC)，其目的是提供一种不依赖于具体系统的中性机制，能够描述产品整个生命周期内的统一数据模型，从而实现整个制造过程，乃至各个工业领域产品信息的标准化。
STEP-NC的出现可能是数控技术领域的一次革命，对于数控技术的发展乃至整个制造业，将产生深远的影响。首先，STEP-NC提出一种崭新的制造理念，传统的制造理念中，NC加工程序都集中在单个计算机上。而在新标准下，NC程序可以分散在互联网上，这正是数控技术开放式、网络化发展的方向。其次，STEP-NC数控系统还可大大减少加工图纸（约75％）、加工程序编制时间（约35％）和加工时间（约50％）。
目前，欧美国家非常重视STEP-NC的研究，欧洲发起了STEP-NC的IMS计划(1999.1.1～2001.12.31)。参加这项计划的有来自欧洲和日本的20个
CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用户、厂商和学术机构。美国的STEPTools公司是全球范围内制造业数据交换软件的开发者，他已经开发了用作数控机床加工信息交换的超级模型(SuperModel)，其目标是用统一的规范描述所有加工过程。目前这种新的数据交换格式已经在配备了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及欧洲OSACA-NC数控系统的原型样机上进行了验证。
3.对我国数控技术及其产业发展的基本估计
我国数控技术起步于1958年，近50年的发展历程大致可分为3个阶段：第一阶段从1958年到1979年，即封闭式发展阶段。在此阶段，由于国外的技术封锁和我国的基础条件的限制，数控技术的发展较为缓慢。第二阶段是在国家的“六五”、“七五”期间以及“八五”的前期，即引进技术，消化吸收，初步建立起国产化体系阶段。在此阶段，由于改革开放和国家的重视，以及研究开发环境和国际环境的改善，我国数控技术的研究、开发以及在产品的国产化方面都取得了长足的进步。第三阶段是在国家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期间，即实施产业化的研究，进入市场竞争阶段。在此阶段，我国国产数控装备的产业化取得了实质性进步。在“九五”末期，国产数控机床的国内市场占有率达50％，配国产数控系统（普及型）也达到了10％。
纵观我国数控技术近50年的发展历程，特别是经过4个5年计划的攻关，总体来看取得了以下成绩。
a.奠定了数控技术发展的基础，基本掌握了现代数控技术。我国现在已基本掌握了从数控系统、伺服驱动、数控主机、专机及其配套件的基础技术，其中大部分技术已具备进行商品化开发的基础，部分技术已商品化、产业化。
b.初步形成了数控产业基地。在攻关成果和部分技术商品化的基础上，建立了诸如华中数控、航天数控等具有批量生产能力的数控系统生产厂。兰州电机厂、华中数控等一批伺服系统和伺服电机生产厂以及北京第一机床厂、济南第一机床厂等若干数控主机生产厂。这些生产厂基本形成了我国的数控产业基地。
c.建立了一支数控研究、开发、管理人才的基本队伍。
虽然在数控技术的研究开发以及产业化方面取得了长足的进步，但我们也要清醒地认识到，我国高端数控技术的研究开发，尤其是在产业化方面的技术水平现状与我国的现实需求还有较大的差距。虽然从纵向看我国的发展速度很快，但横向比（与国外对比）不仅技术水平有差距，在某些方面发展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的数控装备的技术水平差距有扩大趋势。从国际上来看，对我国数控技术水平和产业化水平估计大致如下。
a.技术水平上，与国外先进水平大约落后10～15年，在高精尖技术方面则更大。
b.产业化水平上，市场占有率低，品种覆盖率小，还没有形成规模生产；功能部件专业化生产水平及成套能力较低；外观质量相对差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；国产数控系统尚未建立自己的品牌效应，用户信心不足。
c.可持续发展的能力上，对竞争前数控技术的研究开发、工程化能力较弱；数控技术应用领域拓展力度不强；相关标准规范的研究、制定滞后。
分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下几个方面。 a.认识方面。对国产数控产业进程艰巨性、复杂性和长期性的特点认识不足；对市场的不规范、国外的封锁加扼杀、体制等困难估计不足；对我国数控技术应用水平及能力分析不够。
b.体系方面。从技术的角度关注数控产业化问题的时候多，从系统的、产业链的角度综合考虑数控产业化问题的时候少；没有建立完整的高质量的配套体系、完善的培训、服务网络等支撑体系。
c.机制方面。不良机制造成人才流失，又制约了技术及技术路线创新、产品创新，且制约了规划的有效实施，往往规划理想，实施困难。
d.技术方面。企业在技术方面自主创新能力不强，核心技术的工程化能力不强。机床标准落后，水平较低，数控系统新标准研究不够。
定梁数控龙门镗铣床溜板进给系统设计
