B. They have doubts about them. C. They approve of them. D. They avoid talking about them. 63. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe __________. A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students B. punishing is more effective than rewarding C. failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standards D. discouraging the students? anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency 64. The underlined phrase “token economies” (Para.5 ) probable refers to __________. A. ways to develop economy B. systems of rewarding students. C. approaches to solving problems D. methods of improving performance Questions 65 to 68 are based on the following passage: In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted rigid economy programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the1930s. In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers. President Hoover?s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation?s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid grain, and fertilizers. 65. What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products? A. The impact of the Great Depression. B. The shrinking of overseas markets. C. The destruction caused by the World War I. 第 6 页 共 11 页 D. The increased exports of European countries. 66. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to _________. A. reduce their scale of production B. make full use of their land C. adjust the prices of their farm products D. be self-sufficient in agriculture production 67. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act ___________ . A. might cause greater scarcity of farm products B. didn?t give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power C. would benefit neither the government nor the farmers D. benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others 68. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at _________ A. reducing the cost of farming. B. conserving soil in the long term interest of the nation. C. lowering the burden of farmers. D. helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers. Questions 69 to 72 are based on the following passage: Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they?ve been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that split from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory. India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区). It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest— and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid—lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir?s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It?s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold ---- too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That?s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease kills more than a third of Africa?s Serengeti lions— a thousand animals— a fate that could easily happen to Gir?s cats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. “If you do a DNA test, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins,” says Stephen O?Brien, a geneticist（基因学家）who had studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden, and you wouldn?t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure of charm. Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it?s time to eat, meals in Gir are not 第 7 页 共 11 页 necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young male eating an antelope（羚羊）, there is no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well. 69. In the first paragraph, the author tells us that Asiatic lions _____. A. have killed off other lions B. have descended from African lions C. used to span vast sections of the globe D. have lost their habitat 70. What distinguishes lions from tigers? A. Their friendliness. B. Their size C. Their intimacy D. Their baldness. 71. The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because _____. A. they have descended from a dozen or so ancestors B. they are smaller than the African lions C. they do not have enough to eat D. they are physically weaker than the African lions 72. One of the reasons why India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that _____. A. the present sanctuary is not large enough B. scientists want to do more research on them C. they have killed many people D. the forest is shrinking in size Questions 73 to 76 are based on the following passage: For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and the Internet, earth?s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simple, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popular belief, humans don?t need less sleep as they age.) But on average, Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night, a marked drop from the nine hours they averaged in 1910. What?s worse, nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night. For most people, that?s not nearly enough. Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge. Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders. Some sleeping disorders are genetic. But many problems are caused by staying up late and by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights. Dr. James F. Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed as other discomforts. About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders. “Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says. Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns. “My motto（座右铭） is ?Sleep defensively?,” says Mary Carskadon of Brown University. She 第 8 页 共 11 页 says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things. Sleep routines---like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day--- are important. Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference. As with Elsner, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle changes----avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath---- yield better sleep. 73. What is TURE of human sleep? A. On average, people in the U.S. today sleep less per night than they used to. B. For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough. C. Most people need less sleep when they grow older. D. Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night. 74. According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by _____. A. other diseases B. chronic fatigue syndrome C. improper sleep patterns D. pre-bedtime exercises 75. Which of the following measures can help you sleep better? A. Having late meals. B. Traveling between time zones. C. Staying up late. D. Taking a hot bath. 76. “Sleep defensively” means that _____. A. people should sacrifice other things to getting enough sleep if necessary B. people should give up going to bed and getting up at the same time every day C. people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed D. people should exercise immediately before going to bed every night Questions 77 to 80 are based on the following passage: Revenge is one of those things that everyone enjoys. People don?t like to talk about it, though. Just the same, there is nothing more satisfying or more rewarding than revenge. The purpose is not to harm your victims but to let them know that you are upset about something that they are doing to you. Careful plotting can provide you with relief from bothersome coworkers, gossiping friends, or nagging family members. Coworkers who make comments about the fact that you are always fifteen minutes late for work can be taken care of very simply. All you have to do is get up extra early one day. Before the sun comes up, drive to each coworker?s house. Reach under the hood (引擎罩)of your coworker?s car and disconnect the center wire that leads to the distributor cap, the car will be unharmed, but it will not start, and your friends at work will all be late for work on the same day. If you?re lucky, your boss might notice that you are the only one there and will give you a raise. Gossiping friends at school are also perfect targets for a simple act of revenge. A way to trap either male or female friends is to leave fake messages on their lockers(有锁的橱柜). If the friend that you want to get is male, leave a message that a certain girl would like him to stop by her house later that day. With any luck, her boyfriend will be there. The girl won?t know what?s going on, and the victim will be so embarrassed that he probably won?t leave his home for a month. 第 9 页 共 11 页 When Mom and Dad and your sisters and brothers really begin to annoy you, harmless revenge may be just the way to make them quiet down for a while. The dinner table is a likely place. Just before the meal begins, throw a handful of raisins into the food. Wait about five minutes and, after everyone has begun to eat, cover your mouth with your hand and begin to make odd noises. When they ask you what the matter is, point to a raisin and yell, “Bugs!” They?ll dump their food in the disposal, jump into the car, and head for McDonald?s. That night, you?ll have your first quiet, peaceful meal in a long time. A well-planned revenge does not have to hurt everyone. The object is simply to let other people know that they are beginning to bother you. 77. According to the passage, a harmless revenge is _____. A. to amuse the victim B. to react to those who bother you C. to prevent one from disturbing others D. to hurt nobody emotionally 78. As a harmless revenge, you might come first and get a raise by _____. A. making your colleagues come late B. getting up earlier than your colleagues C. destroying your colleagues? cars D. pleasing your boss 79. Which of the following statements is TURE according to the second example? A. The girl received a phony message. B. The victim was invited by the girl. C. The girl managed to revenge the victim harmlessly. D. The girl wasn?t expecting the victim. 80. The family members dumped their food in the disposal because _____. A. they thought their food had been spoiled B. they wanted to eat out C. they wanted to have a peaceful meal D. they didn?t like the food with raisins Part Four Cloze (20 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blacking the corresponding letter with a pencil. What?s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 81 thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 82 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four 83 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 84 by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia” (儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature 85 about the age of two. But the most popular theory 86 that , since adults do not think like children, they 第 10 页 共 11 页
西安交通大学综合英语(II)考试题A
