专题1 语法填空
【构建知识体系】
2015-2017年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计（新课标I卷）
动词 形容词 副词 名词 代词 冠词 介词 连词 2015年 2016年 2017年
4 3 4 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 【考纲解读】
考试大纲 《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》明确指出：考查考生对高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容(教育部)。 语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。 要求 语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。 考纲解读 【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
1.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。
1. as 考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为，以...身份”，故填as。
2. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。
3. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。
4. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉 分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
5. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
9. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。
10. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。 【名师点睛】
语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：
一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；
二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)； 三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词； 四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。 有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词
例如第2题has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。 无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词
例如第10题it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. 结
合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not
good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。
2. 【2017·新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __1__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___2__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____3___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___4___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___5__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___6__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___7__ every day.
Later, engineers ____8___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___9___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___10___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 【解析】
5.were used考查被动语态，根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，故填were used.
6.fairly 考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.
7.it考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.
8.managed 考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed. 9.introduction考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.
10.successful考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful. 【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题9】，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。【小题6】，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。 技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。 技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。 考点：考查语法填空
3.【2017·新课标III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (real)Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 2 model in New York.
Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter44,want her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate).
She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, \dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more.\
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物类记叙文，介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期学业要放在首位。
高考英语二轮复习专题01语法填空讲含解析
