2005考研“考试虫”英语8套模拟试卷
(三)2
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The phrase \education\is one, if not of protest, at least of contrast, of contrast with an education which
was
predominantly
static
in
subject-matter,
authoritarian in methods, and mainly passive and receptive from the side of the young. But the philosophy of education must go beyond any idea of education that is formed by way of contrast, reaction and protest. For it is an attempt to discover what education is and how it takes place. Only when we identify education with schooling does it seem to be a simple thing to tell what education actually is, and yet a clear idea of what it is gives us our only criterion for judging and directing what goes on in schools.
It is sometimes supposed that it is the business of the philosophy of education to tell what educa-tion should be. But the onlyway of deciding what education should be, at least, the only way which does not lead us into the clouds, is
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discovery of what actually takes place when education really occurs. And before we can formulate a philosophy of education we must know how human nature is constituted in the concrete; we must know about the working of actual social forces; we must know about the operations through which basic raw materials are modified into something of greater value.
The need for a philosophy of education is thus fundamentally the need for finding out what education really is. We have to take those cases in which we find there is a real development of desirable powers, and then find out how this development took place. Then we can project what has taken place in these instances as a guide for directing our other efforts. The need for this discovery and this projection is the need for a philosophy of education. ,
What then is education when we find actual satisfactory specimens of it in existence? In the first place, it is a process of development, ofgrowth. And it is the process and not merely the result that is important. A truly healthy person is not something fixed and completed. He is a person whose processes and activities go on in such a way that he will continue to be healthy. Similarly, an educated person is the
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person who has the power to go on and get more education.
In any case, development, growth involve change, modification, and modification in definite directions. It is quite possible for a teacher, under the supposed sanction of the idea of cultivating individuality, to fixate a pupil more or less at his existing level. Respect for individuality is primarily intellectual. It signifies studying the individual to see what is there to work with. Having this sympathetic understanding, the practical work then begins, for the practical work is one of modification, of changing, of reconstruction continued without end. The change must at least be towards more effective teachniques, towards greater self-reliance, towards a more thoughtful and inquiring disposition, one more capable of persistent effort in meeting obstacles.
26. In the author’s view, the philosophy of education （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 B
[A] is considered as identical to the conception of progressive education.
[B] studies the essence of education and the way it occurs. [C] conforms to any idea of education that is conservative
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and authoritarian.
[D] deak with the judgement and direction of school management.
27. The philosophy of education is supposed （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 A
[A] to result from real understanding of occurrences in actual schooling.
[B] to be the only way leading to obscure understanding of education.
[C] to have taken place when education first came into existence.
[D] to be the basis on which decisions on practical education are formulated.
28. The chief task of the philosophy of education is （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 D
[A] to analyse the constitution of human nature in great
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detail.
[B] to clarify the practical effects, of social forces on education.
[C] to present how raw materials are made into valuable goods
[D] to find out the ways of how to bringout the best human faculties.
29. The significance of-desirable educationlies （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 C
[A] more inits operation than in its modification. [B] less in its modifitcation than in its operation. [C] not only in its result but also ift its process. [D] rather in its process than in its result.
30. The Author argues that （本题分值：2分） 【正确答案】 D
[A] the supposed approval of the idea of cultivating
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2005考研“考试虫”英语8套模拟试卷(三)2
