初三英语上册(人教新目标)Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
知识点总结
一、重点词汇
词义辨析:above/on/over 都指“在……上”,但有区别。 above on over 表示高于某物,但不一定是正上方,反义词是 below。 表示在另一个的上面,有表面接触。 表示高于某物,在正上方,反义词是under。 He lifted his hands above his head. 他将双手举过头顶。 They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk. 他们把花放在老师桌子上。 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。 词义辨析:alive/living/live/lively 都有“活着的”意思,含义和所做成分各有不同。 alive 含义 人或物“活着的”,侧重生与死的界限。 用法 是表语形容词,只做后置定语或补语,不能做前置定语。 主要用于做前置定语及定冠词the 之后表示一类人;也可用作表语。 做前置定语。 做定语、表语、补语。 living 人或物“活着的”。 live 物“活着的、有生命的”;也表示“实况转播的”。 lively 人或物“活泼的,充满生气的”。 He was alive when he was taken to the hospital. 他被送往医院时还活着。 The living must finish the work of those dead. 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。 He said he had seen a live whale. 他说他见过活鲸鱼。 He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法,使他的课生动有趣。 by the time:到……时(常与过去完成时连用) By the time I got to the station, the bus had already left. 我到车站的时候,汽车已经走了。 拓展: 1
by now:到现在为止(常与现在完成时连用) give sb. a lift:捎某人一程
Can you please give me a lift? I'm afraid my car broke down. 请让我搭一下车好吗?我的车坏了。 in line with:与……成一排
Make sure that the flowers on both sides are in line with the trees. 确保两边的花跟树成一排。 stare at sb.:盯着某人 Don’t stare at me like that. 别那样盯着我看。 show up:露面
We waited until five o'clock, but he did not show up. 我们一直等到了5点,但是他始终没有露面。 by the end of:在……以前
By the end of last month, we had learned 10 units. 到上个月为止,我们已经学了10个单元。 拓展:
1. in the end:最终,最后
2. at the end of:在……的末尾/末端 识记词汇
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的 ring v.(钟,铃等)响 block n. 街区
disbelief n. 不信,怀疑 burn v. 燃烧 burning adj. 燃烧着的 airport n. 机场
till prep.&conj. 直到…… west adv. 向西 adj. 西方的 fool n. 傻瓜 v. 愚弄
embarrassed adj. 窘迫的,尴尬的
embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的,使人尴尬的 costume party 化妆舞会 spaghetti n. 意大利面条 hoax n. 骗局,恶作剧
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believable adj. 可相信的 disappear v. 消失 二、重点句型
Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on, the first plane had already hit my office building.
解析:本句的主干是 the first plane had already hit my office building;Before I could join the others outside 是由
before 引导的时间状语从句;to see 是不定式表示目的;what was going on 是 see 的宾语从句。
翻译:我还没得及走进人群看看到底出什么事了,第一架飞机就撞上了我们的办公楼。 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other.
解析:本句的主干是 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day;when many people play all kinds of tricks
and jokes on each other 是由 when 引导的定语从句,修饰 day。
翻译:愚人节是每年的4月1日,在这一天,许多人都会彼此捉弄,彼此开玩笑。 出题建议:确定好题型后,在关键词中输入 when,就可以找到 when 做引导词的定语从句了。
One April Fool’s Day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti.
解析:本句的主干是a reporter in England announced…;One April Fool’s Day 表示时间;that there would be no
more spaghetti 是 announced 的宾语从句;because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti
是由 because 引导的原因状语从句。
翻译:有一年的愚人节,英国的一名记者宣称意大利面将会停产,因为意大利农民不再生产意大利面了。
Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country.
解析:本句的主干是Welles made it sound real;so…that hundreds of people believed the…country是由 so...that 引导的状语从句,表示结果。
翻译:威尔斯的故事听起来非常真实,结果成百上千的人相信了这个故事,而且恐惧笼罩着整个国家。 三、重点语法 过去完成时 1. 概念:
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.
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到上个月末为止,我们已经学了30课。 2. 构成:had+过去分词
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,或是由过去持续到现在的动作,与现 在有关。
过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动
作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:
I have cleaned the classroom .(强调扫地所产生的结果:地干净了!)
We have lived here for ten years.(“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时) Mr. Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.
(\来”中国已过去,而先前“住”在纽约更过去!)(另外注意:“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟!)
过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点: 1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完
成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
过去完成时练习题
( ) 1.By the time the war ____, most of the people had left.
A.was began B. was broken out
C.broke out D. had been broken out
( )2.The bus had gone when I ____ at the bus stop.
A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving
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